iii{iiliiiliiiiiiiilili!i!ii 


^     1     ■■ll|!l|l!llilllll!llllll!||l| 

o/  Lower 


Colonial  and  ReTolutionarr  Incidents 


J^he  Romance 

of 

Lower  Carolina 

HISTORIC.  ROMANTIC  AND  TRADITIONAL 
INCIDENTS  OF  THE 

Colonial  and  Revolutionary  Eras 

OF  THAT  PART  OF  SOUTH  CAROUNA  AT  AND  BELOW 

THE  FALLS  OF  THE  RIVERS;  LOCAUTIES  SO 

PLAINLY  DESCRIBED.  AS  TO  BE 

EASILY  IDENTIFIED 


C.  IRVINE  WALKER 


ART    PUBLISHING    COMPANY 
CHARLESTON.  S.  C. 


COPYRIGHTED.    1915 


C.    IRVINE    WALKER 


PRESSES    OF    WALKER,    EVANS    ft    COGSWELL    CO. 
CHARLESTON.    S.    C. 


CONTENTS 


A  St.  Cecilia  Concert  in  Olden  Days  -     -     -     37 
A  Surgeon  as  a  Despatch  Carrier    -     -     -     -  133 

Adamson,  Capt.  John — A  Chivalrous  Tory     -   152 
Ancient  Mill  Dam  (1699)   i^  Summerville     -   145 
An  Historic  Pane  of  Glass     ------     72 

Art  in  the  Early  Days  of  Carolina  -     -     -     -     57 

Ashley  Hall,  the  Home  of  Gov.  Wm.  Bull     -       8 
Bacot,  Samuel,  an  Adept  at  Escaping     -     -     -     55 
Baron  DeKalb's  Death  --------     80 

Battles  and  Engagements  (66)  which  took  place 

during  the  Revolution  in  Lower  Carolina  117 
Bethel  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  -  -  -  no 
Birthplace   of   the    First   Carolina   Baby,   and 

of  the  Rice  Culture 146 

Bows  and  Arrows  as  Partisan  Weapons  -  -  6 
Breech  Loaders,  Revolutionary  -----  98 
British  Supplies  and  Men  Captured  at  Hunt's 

Bluff    ----- -     12 

British   supply    (not  willingly)    Patriots  with 

arms  and  munitions     -------68 

Calhoun,  Patrick — How  he  advocated  popular 

suffrage     -----------112 

Campbell,  "Mad"  Archie — His  capture  -  -  5 
Campbell,  "Mad"  Archie — His  marriage  -  -  32 
Capture  of  British  Galley  by  Captain  Rudolph  49 
Carolina  owes  her  freedom  to  the  Partisans  -  150 


Charleston   Library 104 

Charleston,   Siege  of,   1780     ------     85 

Coincidences   and    Contradictions     -     -     -     -     39 

College   of   Charleston  --------  138 

Crockett,  James,  and  the  Bear  -----  76 
Cruelty  of  Tarleton's  Quarters  -----  72 
Cupid  respects  not   political  differences     -     -  115 

Don't   ask    for   gizzards     - 84 

Dorchester  as  it  once  was  -------65 

Earliest  permanent  white  inhabitant  of  South 

Carolina   -----------       3 

Edwards,  John — His  liberality  and  patriotism     26 
English  Church  in  Georgetown     -     -     -     -     -  148 

Exchange,    Charlestown,    now    known   as    the 

Old   Post   Office     --------  105 

Fidelity  of  a  British  Corporal 103 

First  Baptist  Church,  Charlestown  -  -  -  35 
First  Battle  for  Carolina's  Liberties  -  -  -  13 
First  Celebration  of  "Carolina  Day,"  June  28  60 
First  Church  established  in  the  Colony  -  -  47 
First  Congregationalist  Church  in  the  Colony  31 
First  Free  Public  Library  in  America  -  -  -  56 
First  Presbyterian  (Scotch)  Church,  Charles- 
town   ---- -63 

First  Reading  of  the  Declaration  of  Indepen- 
dence  in   Charlestown      ------     75 

First  site  of  Charlestown  -------140 

Fort  at  Dorchester ---61 

Fort  Moultrie.  Battle  of     -------     41 

From  the  hallowed  past  to  the  practical  present  161 
Harleston's  (Major)   Faithful  Ben  -     -     -     -     28 

Hayne,  Col.  Isaac — His  execution     -     -     -     -     78 

Hayne,  Col.  Isaac — His  rescue     -----     91 


Heyward,  Mrs.,  would  not  illuminate  -     -     -   102 
How  politics  were  run  in  1768    -----  141 

How  the  Partisans  reached  their  swamp  fast- 
nesses ------------94 

Huguenot  Church  in  Charlestown  -     -     -     -     69 

Huguenot   settlement,   by   Rivers     -     -     -     -  113 

Ingleside,  and  Marion's  Oak  ------     25 

Izard,  Ralph,  evades  his  enemies     -     -     -     -   134 

Jackson,  Andrew — His  imprisonment  at  Cam- 
den during  the  Revolution     -----     21 

James   (Maj.)   interviews  the  British  Captain     99 
Jewish  Synagogue,  Charlestown  -     -     -     -     -  149 

Johnson   (Governor)   Introduces  Rice  Culture  143 
Laurens,   Col.  John — His  gallant  rashness     -  11 1 
Love  finds  out  the  way      -------38 

Magazine   Explosion      --------158 

Majoribanks     (Major)     British — His    gallan- 
try and  chivalry     --------30 

Manigault,    Gabriel,   and   his   grandson,    offer 

their  services     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -     -iii 

Marion's   Escape        _-_--_---       9 
Marion's  Men  not  in  the  triumphal  parade     -     52 

Marion's  True  Birthplace  - 66 

Mayham's    (Col.)    acceptance  of   a   writ  and 

how  he  fought  a  bed-post     -----     39 

Mayham's  Towers     -- ~     -     77 

Meeting  of  Exiles     ---------67 

Motte,  Rebecca,  gives  arrows  to  bum  her  house     52 
Moultrie,  General  William  -------54 

Moultrie   (Gen.)   meeting  his  slaves     -     -     -     10 
Moultrie  and  Pinckney  at  Snee's  Farm     -     -  146 
Oldest  Houses  in  Charlestown     -----       4 

Parish  Church,  St.  George's,  Dorchester     -     -  144 


Pinckney   House    in   Charlestown     -     -     -     -  139 

Pirates'    Bones   under   Battery     -     -     -     -     -   157 

Pitt,    William — His    statue     ------  159 

Plantation  Residences  of  the  Proprietary  Era     23 
Pompion  Hill  Chapel     --------158 

Postell,  (Major)  Captures  a  British  Party     -  134 
Pringle  House,  on  lower  King  St.,  Charlestown     2.2 
Quakers  among  the  early  settlers     -     -     -     -     35 

Roberts  (Col.)  and  Davie  (Major)  -  -  -  97 
Rumph,  Captain,  and  Billy  Sturkie  -  -  -  156 
Runnymede  on  the  Ashley     -     -     -     -     -     -153 

St.  Andrew's  Church     - --130 

St.  James'  Goose  Creek  Church 70 

St.  John's   Lutheran   Church,   Charlestown     -     74 
St.   Mary's,  the  first  Roman  Catholic  Church 

in  Charlestown        --------148 

St.  Michael's  in  Charlestown       -----     96 

Saunders.    Wm. — His   capture     -----   109 

Saunders,  Wm.,  the  pioneer  of  Sumter  County   147 
Sergt.  Jasper  replaces  the  flag  on  Ft.  Moultrie     45 
Sharp  Witticisms  of  the  Rebel  Women     -     -   loi 
Silk  Culture  in  Colonial  Days     -----     15 

Silver  of  Bishop  Smith,  and  of  Church,  saved     31 
Skinner,   Dr.,   not   frightened,  but  "damnably 

alarmed"        ----------     u 

Smith,  Capt.  John,  and  the  British  Lieutenant    151 
Social  Life  during  the  Proprietary  Era     -     -   135 
South  Carolina's  Leadership  ------21 

South  Carolina  Society  founded  1737  -     -     -  137 
States  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia — Pro- 
posal to  unite     -- -"73 

Sumter's  home  in  the  High  Hills  of  Santee  -  131 
Swamp  Homes  of  the   Partisans     -     -     -     -  107 


The   famous   Liberty   Tree     ------  io8 

The  Swamp  Epicure     - -8i 

Thomas  Cordes'  life  saved  by  smoking  his  pipe  53 

Unitarian  Church  Building,  Charlestown  -     -  149 

Vander  Horst,  Maj.  John,  has  narrow  escape  137 

Warren's,  Col.  Samuel,  "Leg"-acy     -     -     -     -  109 

When  A.  B.  C.'s  were  first  taught  in  Carolina  17 

White  Meeting  House  at  Dorchester     -     -     -  36 

Wragg,  William,  noble  devotion  to  principle  -  155 


PREFACE 

This  collection  of  stories  of  the  Colonial  and 
Revolutionary  eras  of  coastal  South  Carolina  is 
called  "The  Romance  of  Lower  Carolina."  The 
great  majority  of  the  stories  which  are  here  given 
are  from  duly  credited  history,  many  are  based  up- 
on tradition,  and  some  very  few  are  pure  fiction. 
To  avoid  criticism  for  historical  inaccuracy,  the 
stories  are  called  "Romances." 

I  have  been  merely  a  collector,  not  an  author, 
and  have  ofttimes  used  the  very  language  of  the 
authorities  borrowed  from.  It  gives  me  pleasure 
to  acknowledge  indebtedness  to  the  authors  of  the 
various  publications  bearing  on  the  History,  Tra- 
ditions and  Romances  of  the  State,  and  of  sundry 
sections  thereof,  to  be  found  in  the  most  valued 
store  of  the  Charleston  Library,  and  to  individual 
friends,  among  whom  are  Messrs.  David  Doar, 
Dr.  R.  Y.  Dwight,  Philip  E.  Porcher,  D.  E.  Huger 
Smith,  Hon.  H.  A.  M.  Smith,  Joseph  loor  Waring, 
Rev.  Robert  Wilson,  Mrs.  W.  L.  Saunders  and 
Miss  Anne  S.  Deas. 

The  only  touches  of  modernism  are  the  num- 
bered notes.  It  is  aimed  to  make  these  so  explicit 
that  a  stranger  could,  with  their  guidance,  visit 
and  stand  upon  the  many  spots  consecrated  by  the 
valor,  heroism  and  patriotism  of  the  Colonial  and 
Revolutionary  forefathers  of  lower  Carolina. 

C.  IRVINE  WALKER. 


THE   EARLIEST   PERMANENT   WHITE   INHABITANT 
OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA 

In  1665  the  Lords  Proprietors  sent  an  expedi- 
tion to  examine  the  coast  of  their  grant.  In 
charge  thereof  was  Robert  Sanford  and  with  him 
was  Dr.  Woodward,  a  "chirurgeon"  and  friend 
of  the  Earl  of  Shaftesbury.  Those  men  explored 
the  coast.  While  in  North  Edisto  Inlet  there  came 
down  to  them  a  friendly  Indian  who  had  been 
on  the  Cape  Fear,  called  the  Cassique  of  Kiawah. 
This  deluded  savage  was  extremely  anxious  for 
the  white  men  to  settle  in  his  country,  and  to  that 
end  proposed  to  Sanford  that  one  of  his  party 
should  come  on  shore  and  remain  with  him,  while 
his  sister's  son  should  sail  away  with  the  English- 
men, "for  the  mutual  learning  of  the  languages." 
Dr.  Woodward,  the  courageous  "chirurgeon,"  was 
left  with  the  savages.  The  Cassique  honorably 
fulfilled  his  part  of  the  bargain,  making  his  guest 
comfortable  after  the  manner  of  his  nation,  and 
delivering  him  up  in  safety  when  Governor  Sayle 
arrived  in  1670. 

Some  of  the  most  illustrious  families  of  South 
Carolina  were  descended  from  Dr.  Woodward,  in 
fact,  it  is  to  be  doubted  whether  any  other  immi- 
grant to  this  or  any  other  State,  had  as  many 
distinguished  descendants. 

3 


OLDEST  HOUSES  IN   CHARLESTOWN 

Dr.  Shecut,  in  his  essay  on  the  topography 
of  Charles  Town,  written  in  1719,  states  that 
among  the  first  brick  houses  built  in  the  town 
was  that  in  Cumberland  Street,  which  was  the 
residence  of  Chief  Justice  Trott^^,  just  west  of 
the  old  Powder  Magazine^^,  which  was  doubtless 
the  magazine  of  the  Carteret  Bastion. 


Col.    Rhett'8   Home.    Hasell    Street,    Charlestown. 

Dr.    Johnson,    in    his    "Traditions,"    states   that 
Colonel   Rhett's   family  mansion^^   at  the  time  of 

i3No.   25    Cumberland    Street. 

i^AIagazine  on  Cumberland  Street,  home  of  the  Colonial 

Dames. 
i5No.  58  Hasell  Street,  opposite  Trinity  Church, 

4 


his  death,  was  the  still  excellent  building  in  Hasell 
Street.  This  is  corroborated  by  a  map,  published 
in  1739.  If  this  was  Colonel  Rhett's  residence, 
the  building  was  probably  built  during  the  Pro- 
prietary rule,  as  he  died  January  14,  1722. 

A  Watch  or  Guard  House  stood  at  the  end  of 
Broad  Street,  where  the  Old  Post  Office  Building 
now  stands. 

It  is  not  known  that  any  historic  incidents  at- 
tach to  either  of  these  buildings,  and  only  their 
age  gives  them  interest  in  this  our  new  country. 

Tradition  alone  gives  authority  to  the  statement 
that  a  small  two-story  brick  house^^  on  Church 
Street,  adjoining  the  lot  on  the  southwest  corner 
of  Tradd  Street,  is  one  of  the  very  oldest  in  the 
City.  It  is  said  that  the  Council  of  the  Province 
held  their  meetings  in  one  of  its  rooms.  It  is 
extremely  doubtful  if  the  building  now  standing 
on  the  site  was  the  original  building,  though  it  is 
very  old. 


CAPTURE  OF  "MAD"  ARCHIE  CAMPBELL 
In  St.  Thomas  Parish,  near  the  residence  of 
Bishop  Smith,  on  a  plantation  called  Brabant*,  a 
battle  was  fought  January  3,  1782,  at  Videau's 
Bridge  between  Coffin's  cavalry  of  the  British  anny 
and  a  detachment  of  Marion's  Brigade  under  Col. 
Richard  Richardson.  In  the  first  attack,  the 
British  were  defeated,  and  "Mad"  Archie  Camp- 
bell was  captured  by  two  Venning  brothers.     The 

^^No.  71  Church  Street,  west  side. 

< Battlefield   on   Brabant    Plantation,   St.   Thomas'   Parish. 


horse  of  one  brother  having  refused  to  carry 
double,  Nicholas  Venning  took  the  prisoner  be- 
hind him  on  his  horse.  Finding  that  he  was  mak- 
ing an  effort  to  escape,  Nicholas,  as  ordered,  shot 
him.  His  grandson,  Mortimer  Venning,  recorded 
the  incident  and  kept  in  his  possession  the  sword 
Nicholas  Venning  wore,  until  after  our  late  War 
between  the  States,  when  he  lost  it,  together  with 
other  valuable  possessions.  The  sword  was  made 
of  a  saw-blade  bound  with  wire  to  a  wooden 
handle,  and  was  used  by  him  until  the  close  of  the 
Revolutionary  War. 


BOWS   AND   ARROWS   AS   PARTISAN  WEAPONS 

In  a  sequestered,  beautiful  bay  or  small  bottom 
of  swamp  lands,  about  a  mile  east  of  the  Ashley 
River,  and  three  miles  below  the  British  Post  of 
Dorchester,  was  the  camp  of  a  small  detachment 
of  Marion's  men.  Around  one  of  the  camp  fires 
was  a  group  of  four  persons.  The  carcass  of  a 
fine  buck  lay  between  them.  One  of  the  party,  a 
Lieutenant,  had  been  carefully  examining  the 
game,  and  finally  exclaimed,  *T  give  it  up — there 
is  no  wound  except  that  of  the  arrow,  and  it  has 
fairly  passed  through  the  body.  I  have  no  more 
doubts.  But  that  you,  such  a  miserable  sapling 
of  a  fellow,  should  have  sent  the  reed  clean 
through  such  a  beast  is  enough  to  stagger  my  be- 
lief. You  must  have  been  at  butting  distance, 
used  no  bow,  but  the  arrow  as  a  spear."  "Shot 
it,  I  swan,  at  full  fifty-five  paces — I  stepped  it  off 

6 


myself,"  said  one  of  the  Partisans.  "I  give  it 
up!"  said  the  Lieutenant,  "I  will  believe  in  any 
weapon  that  brings  us  such  meat.  Henceforth, 
boys,  take  your  bows  and  arrows  always.  When 
the  Major  took  it  into  his  head  to  supply  such 
weapons  to  our  men  for  the  want  of  better,  I 
thought  he  had  gone  clean  mad.  I  never  heard 
his  argument  for  it — I  never  hear  anything  but 
the  dinner  horn  when  I  am  hungry.  Lay  on,  boy, 
and  let's  have  a  steak  as  soon  as  possible.  What 
a  glorious  creature !  Fat  an  inch  thick,  and  meat 
as  tender  as  a  doe's  bosom.  The  Santee's  well 
enough,  but  there's  a  sweetness,  a  softness,  a 
plumpness,  a  beauty  about  birds  and  beasts  along 
the  Ashley,  that  you  find  nowhere  else.  God 
bless  my  mother!  She  chose  it  for  my  birthplace. 
I  should  not  have  been  half  the  man  that  I  am, 
born  anywhere  else;  should  not  have  had  such  dis- 
criminating taste,  such  a  fine  appetite,  such  a  sense 
of  the  beautiful  in  nature." 

The  deer  had  been  brought  down  with  an  arrow 
from  a  hickory  bow.  The  Partisans  were  so  de- 
ficient in  arms  that  they  had  to  go  back  ages,  to 
the  bow  and  arrow.  They  proposed  to  use  them 
against  the  enemy  as  well  as  to  secure  food.  To 
such  extremities  were  the  devoted  sons  of  Caro- 
lina brought  in  their  struggle  for  liberty!  Suffer- 
ing all  trials,  all  privations,  making  any  sacrifices 
— yet  their  poor  country  was  not  able  to  even  arm 
them  for  the  strife,  much  less  to  clothe  and  feed 
them.  Heroes  beyond  all  doubt!  The  noblest  of 
Patriots ! 


ASHLEY  HALL,  THE  HOME  OF  GOV.  WM.  BULL 


Building  at   Ashley  Hiill.   built   about  1704.     Treaty  of  Peace 
with    Indians,    signed    therein. 

On  the  old  Bull  Plantation,  Ashley  Hall^'' , 
stands  a  small  one-story  brick  house,  built  by  the 
original  Stephen  Bull  about  1704.  In  this  house 
was  signed  a  treaty  of  peace  with  the  Cherokee 
Indians.  After  the  war  of  1761  and  the  defeat 
of  the  Cherokees,  their  great  Chief  Attakullakulla> 
attended  by  several  of  the  tribal  chieftains,  came 
down  to  Charlestown  to  confer  with  Lieut.  Gov. 
Bull,  then  acting  as  Governor.  A  council  was 
called  at  Ashley  Ferry.  Gov.  Bull,  on  receiving 
the  Chief,  took  him  by  the  hand  as  a  pledge  of  his 
security.  A  fire  was  kindled,  and  the  pipe  of  peace 
was  lighted  and  all  smoked  together  for  some  time 


i^Ashley  Hall  was  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Ashley  River, 
at  Ashley  Ferry.  It  is  reached  by  the  Ashley  River 
Road. 

8 


in  silence.  Attakullakulla  then  opened  his  mis- 
sion and  in  a  speech  of  great  dignity  and  pathos, 
sued  for  peace.  This  Governor  Bull  readily 
granted.  Thus  ended  the  War  with  the  Chero- 
kees,  which  had  proved  ruinous  to  them  and  dis- 
astrous to  the  Colonists. 

On  this  plantation  stood  the  house  built  in  1704 
by  Stephen  Bull,  who  came  out  with  the  very  first 
Colonists,  and  after  his  death  the  residence,  in 
succession,  of  two  William  Bulls,  his  son  and 
grandson,  who  for  more  than  thirty  years  were 
Lieutenant  Governors  of  the  Province,  and  often 
had  the  administration  of  its  affairs — a  house 
which  was  the  scene  of  many  historic  incidents. 
It  remained  standing  until  1865,  when  it  and  its 
priceless  contents  were  burned  to  prevent  their  fall- 
ing into  the  hands  of  the  Federals. 


GENERAL  MARION'S  ESCAPE 

One  of  the  most  picturesque  old  places  on  the 
Santee  was  Hampton,  the  home  of  Col.  Daniel 
Horry^.  Late  one  evening  Mrs.  Horry  heard  the 
sound  of  horse  hoofs,  and  then  a  man's  voice 
asking  admission.  It  was  General  Marion,  return- 
ing from  the  attack  on  Georgetown,  and  being 
pursued  by  the  British.  His  men  had  gone  on, 
but  Marion,  worn  out  and  exhausted,  stopped  for 
supper  and  a  lodging.  While  supper  was  being 
prepared  the  weary  soldier  dropped  asleep  in  his 

5Col.    Daniel    Horry's    plantation,    Hampton,    on    South 
Santee. 


chair.  Suddenly  came  the  tramp  of  horses — the 
British  were  upon  him.  Mrs.  Horry  waked  the 
dozing  General  and  led  him  out  the  back  door  of 
the  house.  She  then  met  the  enemy  at  the  front 
and,  parleying  with  them,  gave  Marion  time  to 
make  his  escape.  He  swam  Wambaw  Creek  at 
the  back  of  the  house  and  hid  until  the  enemy 
disappeared,  and  was  thus  saved  from  capture  by 
the  bloody  Tarleton,  by  a  Patriot  woman's  devotion. 


MEETING   OF  GEN.   MOULTRIE  AND   HIS  SLAVES 

General  Moultrie,  going  from  Waccamaw, 
late  in  September,  1782,  to  General  Greene's  army 
at  Ashley  Ferry,  stopped  at  his  home^,  which  was 
on  the  direct  road.  He  says,  "On  my  entering 
the  place,  as  soon  as  the  negroes  discovered  that  I 
was  of  the  party,  there  was  immediately  a  general 
alarm  and  an  outcry  through  the  plantation  that 
'Massa  was  come!  Massa  was  come!!'  and  they 
were  running  from  every  part  with  great  joy  to 
see  me.  I  stood  in  the  piazza  to  receive  them. 
They  gazed  at  me  with  astonishment  and  every 
one  came  and  took  me  by  the  hand  saying,  'God 
bress  you,  Massa!  I'm  glad  to  see  you,  Massa  I' 
and  every  now  and  then  one  or  other  would  come 
out  with  a  'Kyi'  and  the  old  Africans  joined  in  a 
war  song  in  their  own  language.  It  was  an  affec- 
tionate meeting  between  the  slaves  and  the  master. 
The  tears  stole  down  from  my  eyes  and  ran  down 

^Moultrie's    plantation,   Windsor,   adjoining,   to   its   west, 
Woodstock,  Southern  Railway. 

10 


my  cheeks.  I  then  possessed  about  two  hundred 
slaves,  and  not  one  of  them  left  me  during  the 
war,  although  they  had  had  great  offers." 


DR.  SKINNER  NOT  FRIGHTENED  BUT 
"DAMNABLY  ALARMED" 

Dr.  Skinner^  of  Lee's  Legion,  was  an  extra- 
ordinary character,  full  of  eccentricities.  Col. 
Lee  once  said  that  the  Doctor  made  a  dire  objec- 
tion to  the  field  of  battle,  yet  in  private  society 
was  always  ready  for  a  quarrel.  His  excuses  for 
seeking  the  rear  in  time  of  battle  were  very  orig- 
inal. 

On  a  night  alami  at  Ninety-Six,  as  Col.  Lee 
was  hastening  forward  to  learn  the  cause,  he  met 
Skinner  in  full  retreat,  and  stopping*  him,  said, 
"What  is  the  matter,  Doctor;  whither  so  fast;  not 
frightened,  I  hope?"  No,  Colonel,  no,"  replied 
the  Doctor,  "not  absolutely  frightened,  but  I  can- 
didly confess,  most  damnably  alarmed." 

Falstaff  maintained  that  it  was  proper  for  every 
man  "To  labor  in  his  vocation."  Dr.  Skinner 
asserted  "That  every  man  had  his  sphere  of  action, 
beyond  the  limits  of  which  he  ought  never  to 
emerge.  Mine,  amidst  the  conflicts  of  battle,  is  in 
the  rear.  There,  I  am  always  to  be  found.  I  am 
firm  at  my  post.  What  did  Dr.  Irvine  get  by 
quitting  his?  A  wound — a  villanous  wound. 
Shall  I  step  out  of  my  sphere  and  set  myself  up 
as    a    mark    to    be    shot    at?     Oh,    no!     I    am    a 

11 


stickler   for  the   strict   performance   of   duty,   but 
feel  no  ambition  to  shine  beyond  it." 

Arriving  at  the  river,  when  an  attack  was  pro- 
posed on  John's  Island,  he  was  asked  if  he  in- 
tended to  pass  the  ford.  "By  no  means,"  replied 
Skinner,  "the  river  is  toO'  deep  and  my  spirits  are 
not  buoyant.  I  should  certainly  sink  and  meet  a 
watery  grave.  Death  by  water  drinking!  I 
shudder  at  the  thought  of  it." 


BRITISH  SUPPLIES  AND  MEN  CAPTURED 
AT  HUNT'S  BLUFF 

On  the  very  day  in  1780  when  the  British  re- 
linquished their  post  at  Cheraw,  the  inhabitants, 
distressed  by  their  deprivations  and  disgusted 
with  their  conduct,  took  up  arms.  McArthur, 
the  British  commander,  arranged  to  transport  his 
sick  and  the  captured  negroes  by  boats  to  George- 
tow^n.  A  party  of  Whigs,  under  the  lead  of 
James  Gillespie,  collected  at  Bedingfields  (now 
Toby's  Mill,  three  miles  from  Cheraw).  As  they 
moved  down  the  river  their  number  increased  and 
the  command  was  assigned  to  Major  Tristram 
Thomas.  The  British  had  left  the  Pee  Dee  and 
were  retreating  toward  Black  Creek. 

The  Whigs  determined  on  Hunt's  Bluff'  as  the 
best  place  to  intercept  the  enemy's  flotilla  from 
Cheraw.  They  made  a  mock  battery  of  wooden 
guns  and   ostentatiously  displayed   their   force   on 

■^ Hunt's  Bluff,  on  Pee  Dee  River,  about  twenty-five  miles 
below  Cheraw,  on  the  east  bank. 

12 


the  river  banks.  When  the  flotilla  appeared,  it 
was  halted  and  demand  made  for  unconditional 
surrender.  This  was  accepted.  At  the  same  time 
a  large  boat,  coming  up  from  Georgetown  with 
supplies  for  the  British,  was  seized.  More  than 
one  hundred  captives  was  secured  and  were  carried 
to  North   Carolina  as   prisoners. 

This  effective  blow  struck  increased  terror  into 
the  enemy,  already  alarmed,  and  encouraged  the 
Patriots  to  more  determined  and  unyielding  re- 
sistance. It  was  the  first  brilliant  exploit  yet 
achieved  upon  the  Pee  Dee,  and  occurred  just  at 
the  time  when  the  most  important  moral  effects 
were  likely  to  follow  in  its  train. 


THE    FIRST    BATTLE    FOR    CAROLINA'S    LIBERTIES 

Little  is  generally  known  of  the  first  battle  of 
the  War  for  Independence  fought  in  South  Caro- 
lina, and  it  will  be  interesting  to  learn  its  history. 

The  Patriots  had  seized  and  garrisoned  Fort 
Johnson'^  on  the  James  Island  shore  of  Charles- 
town  harbor,  and  hoisted  on  the  fort  the  first 
American  flag  unfurled  in  the  State.  This  fort 
had  first  been  built  in  1707  as  a  protection  when 
the  French  under  Admiral  Le  Feboure  attacked 
the  City.  The  flag  was  of  a  blue  color  with  a 
white  crescent  in  the  dexter  corner.  The  British 
ships  Cherokee  and  Tamar  lay  in  Rebellion  Road. 
News  having  reached  the  Provincial  Congress, 
then   in   session  at   Charlestown,   that   the  British 


sPort  Johnson,   on  James   Island,   south   side   of   Harbor. 

13 


had  fired  upon  the  town  of  Bristol,  Rhode  Island, 
passed  a  resolution  directing  the  officer  command- 
ing at  Fort  Johnson,  "by  every  military  operation 
to  oppose  the  passage  of  any  British  naval  arma- 
ment that  might  attempt  to  pass." 


First    Flag    of    South    Carolina    Troops. 

A  passage  to  the  town,  without  the  range  of 
the  guns  of  Fort  Johnson,  was  practicable  for  the 
small  Royal  armed  vessels  in  the  harbor,  via  the 
Marsh  and  Hog  Island  channels.  It  was  deter- 
mined by  the  Council  of  Safety  to  block  these 
channels,  by  sinking  schooners  therein.  To  cover 
this  work,  a  coasting  schooner,  Defence,  was 
armed  with  ten  guns  and  manned  by  a  detail  from 
Col.  Moultrie's  regiment.  Six  old  schooners  had 
been  purchased,  two  to  be  sunk  in  Marsh  Channel, 
and  four  in  Hog  Island  Channel.  As  soon  as  the 
hulks,  which  were  in  advance,  approached  their 
destination,  the  Tamar  opened  and  fired  six  shots, 

14 


which  all  fell  short.  As  soon  as  the  Defence 
came  to  anchor  she  replied  with  her  two  nine- 
pounders,  which,  being  heavier  guns,  carried  their 
shot  much  farther  than  the  Tamar's  had  done. 
The  Tamar,  now  roused  at  the  insult,  returned  the 
fire  with  three  or  four  shots,  while  the  Defence 
answered  with  one.  Meanwhile  three  hulks  were 
sunk,  but  the  tide  ebbed  and  placing  of  the  others 
was  delayed  until  next  morning.  Meanwhile  the 
British  vessels  warped  into  Hog  Island  Cove  as 
close  as  they  could  and  about  quarter  after  four 
in  the  morning  of  November  12,  1775,  opened 
their  broadsides  on  the  American  schooner  De- 
fence, continuing  the  cannonade  until  near  seven 
o'clock.  The  alarm  was  beaten  in  Charlestown, 
thd  Second  Regiment  stood  to  their  arms,  and! 
the  volunteer  companies  formed  at  their  different 
alarm  posts. 

Notwithstanding  this  heavy  fire,  the  fourth 
hulk  was  carried  to  her  proper  position  and  left 
sinking.  During  the  fight  the  Carolina  officers 
and  men  behaved  well.  The  garrison  at  Fort 
Johnson  attempted  to  take  part  and  fired,  at  ten 
degrees  elevation,  three  twenty-six  pound  shots 
at  his  Majesty's  ships,  but  the  distance  was  too 
great,  and  the  fire  was  discontinued.  The  objects 
of  the  Americans  having  been  accomplished,  the 
Defence  came  up  to  an  anchorage  ofif  the  City  front. 
There  were  no  casualties  on  either  side. 


15 


SILK  CULTURE  IN  COLONIAL  DAYS 

The  King  and  Lords  Proprietors  of  the  Colony 
would  naturally  want  all  the  resources  of  the 
country  developed.  It  was  thought  that  the  coun- 
try could  produce  wines  and  silks.  The  Hugue- 
nots, generally,  were  familiar  with  these.  So  in 
1680  King  Charles  gave  free  passage  to  Charles- 
town,  in  the  ship  Richmond,  to  some  families  of 
French  Protestants,  who  had  refugeed  in  England, 
forty-five  persons  in  all,  on  the  understanding  that 
they  were  to  introduce  the  cultivation  of  vines  and 
the  production  of  olive  oil  and  silk.  Officially, 
this  was  promulgated  in  these  words,  "And  pro- 
vided, alsoe,  that  the  said  Families  bee  such  as 
shall  come  from  beyond  the  seas"  (French  Hugue- 
nots) "and  bee  many  of  them  skilful  and  practiced 
in  the  manufacture  of  Wines,  Silks  and  Oyles." 
There  is  no  account  of  any  success  with  the  wines 
and  oils.  As  to  silks,  it  appears  that  the  eggs  of  the 
silk  worms  brought  by  the  settlers  were  hatched  at 
sea,  and  from  want  of  sustenance,  the  worms  died, 
and  thus  was  frustrated  the  first  effort  at  introduc- 
ing into  the  colony  "a  manufacture  of  silks."  Even- 
tually, it  reached  an  approximate  success,  as  the 
Custom  House  records  show  some  silk  was  exported 
to  Great  Britain  by  the  Colony.  It  is  said  that  the 
dress  which  Queen  Anne  wore  when  she  was 
crowned  in  1702  was  made  entirely  of  silk  pro- 
duced in  her  Colony  of  Carolina. 

Mrs.  Thomas  Pinckney,  about  1745,  paid  some 
attention  to  this  industry,  and  with  such  successful 
results  that  she  had  three  beautiful  dresses  woven 

16 


o  s 

go 
5 


of  her  silk.  One  of  these  she  presented  to  the 
Princess  Dowager  of  Wales  (the  mother  of 
George  III),  one  to  Lord  Chesterfield,  who  had 
befriended  the  colony,  and  the  third,  a  lustrous 
gold  colored  brocade,  owned  (in  1896)  by  her 
grand  daughter  of  the  fourth  degree,  is  still  greatly 
admired  when  produced  for  exhibition. 


WHEN  THE  A  B  C'S  WERE  FIRST  TAUGHT 
IN  CAROLINA 

Education  received,  very  early,  the  attention 
of  the  people  in  the  Carolina  Colony.  No  children 
having  come  over  with  the  first  immigrants,  there 
was  no  necessity  for  schools  immediately  after 
the  settlement.  Prior  to  1710,  which  was  within 
thirty  years  of  the  founding  of  Charlestown,  the 
people  had  conceived  and  attempted  the  establish- 
ment of  a  free  school,  and  several  legacies  had 
been  left  therefor.  In  1711  there  was  established 
in  Charlestown  a  free  school,  under  the  care  of 
the  Rev.  William  Guy.  In  1712  the  Assembly 
passed  "An  Act  for  the  encouragement  of  learn- 
ing," which,  within  the  year,  however,  had  given 
place  to  a  more  elaborate  system,  under  "An  Act 
for  founding  and  erecting  a  Free  School  in 
Charlestown  for  the  use  of  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Province  of  Carolina."  An  inscription  on  a  tomb 
stone,    still    standing   in    St.    Philip's   churcTiyard®, 

'This  tombstone  is  south  of  the  Church,  and  about  thirty- 
paces   from    south   door,   near   path   to    Church    Home. 

17 


attests  that  it  had  been  established  and  certainly- 
maintained  until  1729,  which  is  as  follows: 

"The  Rev.  Mr.  John  Lambert 

Late  Master,  Principal  and  Teacher  of  Grammar 

and  other  sciences  taught  in  the 

Free  School 

at  Charlestown  for  y«  Province  of  South  Carolina 

and  afternoon  lecturer  of  the  Parish 

of  St.   Philip's  Charlestown, 

Departed  this  life  {suddenly)  on  y^  4  August  iy2g 

Blessed  is  this  servant  whom  his  Lord,  when 

He  cometh  shall  find  so  doing." 

Gov.  Sir  Francis  Nicholson  (Governor  1721- 
1729),  was  a  friend  of  learning.  He  liberally 
contributed  to  the  support  of  the  school  and  pressed 
upon  the  Colonists  the  usefulness  and  necessity  of 
provincial  school  establishments.  In  1722,  an- 
other Act  was  passed  by  which  the  Justices  of 
County  and  Precinct  Courts  were  authorized  to 
purchase  land,  establish  a  free  school  in  each 
county  and  precinct,  and  to  assess  the  expenses 
thereof  upon  the  property  within  their  jurisdiction. 
They  were  instructed  to  appoint  Masters,  who 
should  be  "well  skilled  in  the  Latin  tongue." 

Many  legacies  and  gifts  were  made  to  the  Free 
Schools  of  Carolina.  In  1728,  Rev.  Richard  Lad- 
son  died,  leaving  all  of  his  property  for  the  in- 
struction of  the  poor  of  St.  James,  Goose  Creek. 
This  was  added  to  by  subscriptions  from  the  Col- 
onists and  in  1778  amounted  to  £15,272,  currency. 

18 


A  free  school  was  established  in  the  Parish  of 
Dorchester  in  1734.  The  Fellowship  Society  of 
Charlestown^^  was  incorporated  in  1769,  and  was 
one  of  the  very  first  organizations  in  this  country 
for  the  care  and  relief  of  the  insane,  but  appro- 
priated one-half  of  its  funds  for  the  gratuitous 
education  of  poor  children.  The  St.  Andrews  So- 
ciety of  Charlestown^^  likewise  appropriated  a 
portion  of  their  funds  for  similar  purposes. 

The  Winyah  Society  of  Georgetown^^,  founded 
about  1740,  met  in  Georgetown  for  social  enjoy- 
ment, and  about  1753  a  considerable  fund  had  ac- 
cumulated. To  what  good  purpose  should  the 
fund  be  devoted?  Tradition  relates  that  at  the 
close  of  a  discussion  upon  the  subject  the  president 
called  upon  the  members  to  fill  their  glasses,  as 
he  wished  to  close  the  debate  by  a  definite  proposi- 
tion for  which  each  member  should  signify  his  ap- 
proval by  emptying  his  glass.  He  said,  "There 
may  be  intellectual  food,  which  the  present  state 
of  society  is  not  fit  to  partake  of;  to  lay  such  be- 
fore it,  would  be  as  absurd  as  to  give  a  quadrant 
to  an  Indian ;  but  knowledge  is,  indeed,  as  free  as 
air.  It  has  been  wisely  ordained  that  light  should 
have  no  color,  water  no  taste,  air  no  odor;  so,  in- 
deed, knowledge  should  be  equally  pure  and  with- 
out admixture  of  creed  or  cant.  I  move,  there- 
fore, that  the  surplus  funds  in  the  treasury  be  de- 
voted to  the  establishment  of  an  independent  char- 

iiSite  of  Fellowship  Society  Hall,  on  Archdale  Street. 
lOSite  St.  Andrew's  Society  Hall,  No.  118  Broad  Street. 
i2Winyah  Indigo  Society's  Hall,  Georgetown,  S.   C. 

19 


ity  school  for  the  poor."  The  meeting  rose  to  its 
feet.  Every  glass  was  turned  down  without  stain- 
ing the  table  cloth,  and  the  school  of  the  Winyah 
Indigo  Society  was  established  and  has  continued 
its  good  work  to  this  day. 

The  columns  of  the  Gazette  from  1733  to  1774 
show,  for  the  period  and  circumstances,  a  lively 
interest  in  educational  matters.  During  this  per- 
iod there  are  more  than  four  hundred  advertise- 
ments relating  to  schools  and  teachers.  There 
were  day  schools,  evening  schools,  and  boarding 
schools,  schools  for  boys  and  for  girls.  The  fol- 
lowing advertisement  appears  May  22,  1732,  and 
seems  quaint  to  a  reader  of  the  present  day  : 

"At  the  house  of  Mrs.  Delaware  on  Broad 
Street,  is  taught  these  sciences — Arithmetic,  Alge- 
bra, Geometry,  Trigonometry,  Surveying,  Dialling, 
Navigation,  Anatomy,  Gauging,  Fortification. 
The  Stereographic  and  Orthographic  Projections 
of  the  Spheres.  The  use  of  the  Globe  and  the 
Italian  method  of  Bookkeeping  by  John   Miller." 

The  facts  given  above  are  from  McCrady's 
History  of  South  Carolina  under  the  Royal  Gov- 
ernment. It  is  deeply  regretted  that  space  does 
not  allow  giving  in  full  the  articles  showing  the 
large  measure  of  attention  given  in  the  Province 
to  education  and  the  liberal  arts.  See  chapter  xxv, 
pp.  482  et  seq.,  and  be  convinced  that  the  Colony 
of  South  Carolina  was  not  equalled  by  any  other 
colony  in  the  early  and  liberal  attention  given  to 
and  in  the  development  of  the  education  and  polite 
arts  which  adorned  her  colonial  history. 

20 


PRESIDENT  ANDREW  JACKSON'S  IMPRISONMENT  AT 
CAMDEN,  DURING  THE  REVOLUTION 

The  British  had  many  prisoners  in  a  vile, 
loathsome  prison  house  in  Camden,  many  of  them 
distinguished  Carolinians,  and  many  from  the 
Waxhaws.  Among  the  latter  were  Andrew  Jack- 
son, who  won  the  brilliant  American  victory  at 
New  Orleans,  and  subsequently  became  President 
of  the  United  States.  Here  occurred  the  well- 
known  incident  of  his  refusing  to  black  the  boots 
of  a  British  officer,  who  gave  a  sabre  cut,  leaving 
a  mark  which  he  carried  through  life — a  mark  of 
honor. 

This  clearly  shows  that  Andrew  Jackson  was  a 
South  Carolinian,  he  having  been  brought  a  prisoner 
from  the  Waxhaw  settlement  in  that  State. 


THE  LEADERSHIP  OF  SOUTH  CAROLINA 

In  the  two  great  political  and  bloody  convulsions 
which  have  swept  over  our  land,  it  has  been  the 
fate  of  South  Carolina  to  inaugurate  action  in 
each.  To  take  the  first  steps  which  brought  about 
definite  action.  Many  of  the  younger  men  of  the 
generation  which  witnessed  the  State  lead  the 
Secession  movement  of  1861  are  yet  alive  and  well 
remember  the  thrilling  events  of  those  momentous 
days.  The  actors  in  that  event,  perhaps,  did  not 
know,  certainly  we  can  recall  no  reference  to  it,  at 
the  time,  that  South  Carolina  was  doing  in   1861 

21 


what  she  had  done  in  the  early  days  of  the  Revolu- 
tionary struggle,  led  in  a  great  political  upheaval. 

The  historian  Drayton  says,  "South  Carolina 
was  the  first  of  the  United  Colonies  that  formed 
an  independent  constitution ;  it  rested  on  the  funda- 
mental point  that  the  voice  of  the  people  was  the 
source  of  law,  honor  and  office." 

This  patriotic  action  was  taken  in  January,  1775, 
while  the  Battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord  were 
fought  in  April  of  the  same  year,  and  it  was  some 
time  before  Massachusetts  or  any  other  of  the 
Colonies  took  similar  action  formally  sundering 
the  State  or  Colonial  bonds  with  the  mother  coun- 
try. 


THE  PRINGLE  HOUSE  ON  LOWER  KING  STREET, 
CHARLESTOWN 

The  elegant  mansion,  now  known  as  the  Pringle 
House^^,  was  built  in  Colonial  times  and  owned, 
about  the  commencement  of  the  Revolution,  by 
Miles  Brewton.  Being  one  of  the  most  imposing 
and  elegant  homes  in  the  City  of  Charlestown,  it 
was  used  by  the  British,  during  the  occupation  of 
the  City,  as  the  headquarters  of  the  commanding 
officer.  Mrs.  Rebecca  Motte,  who  patriotically 
sacrificed  her  home  at  Fort  Motte,  was  the  sister 
of  Miles  Brewton.  A  very  complete  and  most 
artistic  description  of  this  historic  old  building  has 
been  published.     Therefore,  for  particulars  consult 


I8N0.  27  King  Street,  west   side,  below   Lamboll   Street. 

22 


this  book,  titled  "Twenty  Drawings  of  the  Pringle 
House  on  King  Street,  Charlestown,  S.  C,"  by 
Miss  Alice  R.  Huger  Smith. 


PLANTATION  RESIDENCES  OF  THE 
PROPRIETARY   ERA 


Landgrave    Smith's    Back    River    House. 

A  FEW  plantation  residences  built  during  the 
Proprietary  Government,  which  ended  in  1719, 
were  standing  until  a  recent  date.  The  two  oldest 
of  these  were  both  the  property  of  Landgrave 
Smith.  The  first  was  his  residence  on  Back 
River^^,  a  branch  of  the  Cooper,  and  is  believed 
to  be  the  first  brick  house  in  Carolina. 

Landgrave  Smith  afterwards,  in  1693,  removed 


I90n   Back    River,   about   five   miles    east   of    Mt.    Holly, 
A.   C.   L.   Railway. 

23 


to  Yeaman's  Hall,  on  Goose  Creek^''.  This  has 
been  in  his  family  for  more  than  two  hundred 
years,  but  was  so  much  injured  by  the  earthquake 
in  1886  that  it  is  now  in  ruins.  It  was  surrounded 
by  an  earthwork  and  had  port  holes  in  its  walls, 
to  defend  it  against  the  Indians.  In  the  cellar  was 
a  deep  well  for  supplying-  the  family  or  garrison 
with  water  in  case  of  a  siege.  There  was  also  a 
subterranean  passage,  which  led  out  under  the  gar- 
den to  the  Creek,  where  boats  were  kept  moored. 
There  was  in  this  old  mansion  a  secret  chamber 
with  a  panel  leading  into  it,  used  as  a  hiding  place 
for  valuables,  in  which  the  family  silver  was  kept 
secreted  during  the  Revolutionary  War. 


Mulberry   Castle,    Cooper   River. 

Mulberry  Castle^ \  on  the  west  side  of  the  Cooper 
River,  was  built  in  1714.  This  is  said  to  have 
loop  holes  for  musketry,  with  bastions  at  the  four 

20Goose    Creek,   on    property   now    owned   by    Charleston 

Water   Works. 
2iOn     Ashley     River,     three     miles     from      Strawberry. 

A.   C.   L.   Railway. 

24 


comers.     It  was  used  also  for  defending  the  set- 
tlers in  the  vicinity  against  incursions  of  Indians. 


INGLESIDE  AND  MARION'S  OAK 

About  fifteen  miles  from  Charleston  and 
eighteen  from  Summerville,  near  the  Southern 
Railway^^,  stands  the  colonial  mansion  "Ingle- 
side,"  formerly  "The  Hayes."  It  is  a  square  brick 
building  with  very  thick  walls.  It  was  built,  so 
tradition  says,  to  resist  Indian  attacks  in  the  early 
colonial  days.  During  the  Revolutionary  War  the 
plantation  was  owned  by  Mr.  John  Parker.  One 
day  a  party  of  Tory  marauders  fired  on  the  house. 
Mrs.  Parker  was  sitting  in  one  of  the  windows, 
but  the  ball  missed  her  and  the  hole  it  made  in  the 
opposite  wall  was  visible  certainly  up  to  a  very  re- 
cent period. 

On  the  plantation  is  a  great  live  oak,  known 
as  Marion's  Oak.  Tradition  makes  this  the  oak 
under  which  General  Marion  regaled  the  British 
officer  on  potatoes.  Johnson,  in  his  "Traditions  of 
the  American  Revolution,"  states  that  he  believes 
the  story  true,  but  he  does  not  say  where  it  oc- 
curred. 

A  British  officer  came  to  Marion's  quarters  un- 
der a  flag  of  truce,  and  when  dinner  time  came, 
the  General  invited  him  to  dine.     The  dinner  was 


22This  house  is  about  a  half  a  mile  from  station  Ingleside, 
on  the  Southern  Railway,  and  can  also  be  reached  by 
private  conveyance  by  a  private  road  leading  from 
the  Blue  House  Road  into  the  State  road  from 
Charleston. 

25 


of  two  courses — first,  baked  potatoes,  second,  a 
gourd  of  cool  water;  rather  different  from  the  us- 
ual fare  of  the  British  officer.  The  potatoes  were 
served  in  their  skins,  but  when  General  Marion 
peeled  his,  he  laid  the  skins  on  one  side  of  his 
plate.  After  the  potatoes  were  consumed,  the 
General  called  for  something  to  drink,  and  his 
servant  brought  a  gourd  full  of  water,  of  which 
the  officer  was  invited  to  drink.  Marion's  horse 
was  then  brought  up  and  fed  with  the  potato  peel- 
ings saved  by  his  master.  It  is  said  that  the  scene 
so  impressed  the  British  officer  that  on  his  return 
to  his  army,  he  resigned  his  command.  He  deter- 
mined never  to  draw  his  sword  against  men  who 
so  conscientiously  opposed  the  King.  Suffering 
privations  of  all  kinds,  without  pay,  clothing  or 
arms;  compelled  to  reside  in  sickly  swamps,  with 
nothing  to  drink  but  water  nor  to  eat  but  roots, 
and  feeding  their  horses  on  the  refuse  of  this  home- 
ly fare. 


LIBERALITY  AND  PATRIOTISM  OF 
JOHN  EDWARDS 

John  Edwards,  who  possessed  great  wealth, 
was  the  first  inhabitant  in  Carolina  to  tender  his 
fortune  in  support  of  the  American  Cause.  His 
•friend,  the  venerable  Josiah  Smith,  was  equally 
liberal.  Their  example,  in  a  great  degree,  con- 
tributed to  establish  the  public  credit  and  induce 
others  to  risk  their  fortunes  for  the  public  good. 
Warned  by  friends  that  he  was  too  liberal,  he  re- 

26 


plied  with  lofty  patriotism,  "Be  it  so !  I  would 
rather  lose  my  all,  than  retain  it,  subject  to  British 
authority." 

After  the  fall  of  Charlestown,  Mr.  Edwards  was 
invited  to  an  interview  with  Admiral  Arbuthnot. 
The  Admiral  said,  "Nothing  has  appeared  more 
extraordinary  to  Sir  Henry  Clinton  and  myself, 
than  that  you,  a  native  of  Great  Britain,  should 
have  taken  part  with  the  Rebels  and  appeared 
throughout  the  contest  a  strenuous  and  decided  ad- 
vocate of  revolutionary  principles.  How  is  it  to  be 
accounted  for?"  "Because,"  replied  Mr.  Edwards, 
"I  conscientiously  approve  and  have  solemnly 
pledged  myself  to  support  them."  The  Admiral 
then  attempted  to  convince  him  of  the  futility  of 
resistance,  and  suggested  his  taking  protection  and 
save  his  property.  Mr.  Edwards  answered,  "The 
temptations  of  wealth  shall  never  induce  me  to  for- 
feit my  honor.  I  cannot  hesitate  to  choose,  where 
duty,  inclination  and  every  virtuous  principle  points 
out  the  course  which  it  becomes  me  to  pursue.  My 
losses  have  been  great,  but  they  cost  me  not  a  sigh. 
My  monies  were  lent  to  support  a  cause  which  I 
consider  that  of  justice  and  humanity.  I  have  a 
wife,  tenderly  beloved,  and  ten  children  worthy  of 
my  most  ardent  affection.  They  are  all  dependent 
upon  me,  and  I  may  probably  have  little  to  leave 
them,  but  good  principles  and  an  untarnished  repu- 
tation; but,  were  a  gallows  to  be  raised  by  your 
order,  in  my  view,  and  you  were  to  say,  'Your  fate 
depends    upon    your    resolve — take    protection    or 

27 


perish,'  I  would,  without  a  moment's  hesitation — 
die." 

Supporting  exile  in  St.  Augustine,  with  unshaken 
fidelity,  he  was  finally  sent  to  Philadelphia  for 
exchange.  There  his  virtues  gained  him  respect; 
his  misfortune,  friends.  He  died  in  exile,  amidst 
the  regrets  of  an  admiring  people,  whose  pity  for 
his  sufferings  could  only  be  surpassed  by  their  ap- 
plause and  their  admiration  of  the  firmness  with 
which  he  supported  them. 

The  residence  of  John  Edwards  was  on  Meeting 
Street,  west  side,  below  Smith's  Lane,  and  now 
owned  by  Mr.  George  W.  Williams. 


MAJOR  HARLESTON'S  FAITHFUL  BEN 

There  was  a  large  stock  farm,  owned  by  Major 
Isaac  Charles  Harleston,  about  fifty  miles  from 
Charlestown,  and  in  the  neighborhood  of  the 
Irishtown  Settlement,  and  considered  a  safe  refuge. 
But  after  the  fall  of  Charlestown,  marauding  par- 
ties of  British  spread  over  the  country  and  often 
forced  ladies  and  their  stock  to  find  safety  in  the 
swamps.  The  horses  were  in  charge  of  a  trusty 
negro,  "Cy,"  and  several  negro  stable  boys,  among 
whom  was  "Ben."  One  day  the  cry  was  raised, 
"De  British  am  coming,"  and  Cy  and  his  followers 
hustled  ofif  the  stock  to  the  swamp.  Ben  was  as- 
signed the  duty  of  following  and  obliterating  the 
tracks.  But  alas,  the  British  were  on  him  before 
he  could  reach  the  swamp.  The  British  officer 
thought  he  had  a  clue  to  the  hiding  place  of  the 

28 


horses  and  tried  bribery  on  Ben — a  shilling,  a 
guinea,  five  guineas,  five  guineas  and  protection — 
only  drew  from  the  faithful  Ben,  "I  dunno,  Sah." 
The  flat  of  the  sabre,  the  point  of  the  sabre,  only 
brought  the  same,  "I  dunno,  Sah."  The  officer 
began  to  think  that  probably  Ben  did  not  know  the 
hiding  place  of  the  stock,  and  was  not  a  stable  boy. 
The  sergeant  trapped  him,  however.  He  dis- 
mounted and  examined  his  horse's  hoof.  Ben 
looked  on  with  eager  interest.  "It's  in  the  hoof," 
said  the  officer.  "Boy!  Pick  up  that  horse's  foot." 
Ben  stroked,  slapped  the  leg  lightly,  lifted  the  foot 
and  probed  with  his  finger  around  the  inside.  This 
convinced  the  officer  that,  knowing  how  to  handle 
a  horse,  he  was  a  stable  boy.  So  he  renewed  his 
queries^  to  all  of  which  Ben  still  answered,  "I 
dunno,  Sah."  "String  him  up,"  commanded  the 
officer,  and  Ben  was  promptly  hung  up  and  then 
let  down.  "Now  wnll  you  tell?"  Ben's  answer 
still  was,  "I  dunno,  Sah."  Up  they  hauled  him 
again,  and  when  they  let  him  down  the  same  ques- 
tion was  asked.  But  Ben's  blood  was  up.  "If  I 
know,  I  will  dead  'fore  I  tell,"  he  said  sullenly. 
"String  him  up  again  and  leave  him  as  a  warning," 
said  the  officer,  and  the  troop  galloped  off.  Hardly 
had  they  gone,  when  he  was  spied  by  one  of  the 
servants.  Ladies  and  servants  rushed  out,  cut 
down  Ben  and  took  vigorous  measures  for  his  re- 
covery. At  last  he  gasped,  opened  his  eyes,  and 
sat  up.  "Dey  gone?"  he  asked.  "Tank  de  Lord! 
Lemme  go !  Uncle  Cy  want  me  down  to  de  swamp 
wid  de  horses,"  and  off  he  went, 

29 


This  is  one  of  a  thousand  instances  of  the  faith- 
fulness, loyalty  and  devotion  of  the  slave  to  his 
master. 


THE  GALLANT  AND  CHIVALROUS  BRITISH  MAJOR 
MAJORIBANKS 
Major  Majoribanks  (pronounced  Marsh- 
banks)  was  a  British  officer  distinguished  for  brav- 
ery and  generosity.  He  commanded  the  flank  bat- 
talion of  the  19th  Regiment.  He  is  said  to  have 
turned  aside  the  bayonet  of  a  British  soldier  who 
was  trying  to  kill  Col.  William  Washington,  after 
being  wounded  at  the  Battle  of  Eutaw.  He  and 
Major  Sheridan  saved  the  British  army  at  that  bat- 
tle. On  the  retreat  of  the  British  army,  Major 
Majoribanks  was  taken  desperately  sick  and  found 
refuge  in  a  negro  cabin  on  the  Daniel  Ravenel 
plantation,  "Wantoot^^.  There  he  died,  and  by 
his  own  request  was  buried  in  the  woods  nearby. 
The  grave  was  first  marked  by  a  cypress  slab  taken 
from  an  indigo  vat,  with  his  name.  But  Mr. 
Daniel  Ravenel  erected  a  very  neat  and  substantial 
tomb,  with  full  inscription,  and  which  is  now  in  a 
good  state  of  preservation.  It  is  on  the  east  side 
of  the  public  road  from  Biggin  Church  to  Black 
Oak,  on  Wantoot  Plantation,  (in  191 5)  owned  by 
Mr.  Elbert  Pegues. 

Mr.  Ravenel,  after  the  Revolution,  communicated 
with  the  family  of  the  Major,  in  England,  think- 
ing that   they  would   like  to  remove  the   remains 


230n   the   east   side   of  the   road   from   Biggin   Church   to 
Black  Oak,  on  Mr.  Pegues'    plantation,  Wantoot. 

30 


home,  but  he  never  received  a  reply.  The  Major's 
request  to  be  buried  in  the  woods  rather  indicates 
that  he  may  have  had  some  disagreement  with  his 
family,  and  did  not  care  to  have  his  remains  car- 
ried home. 


THE  FIRST  CONGREGATIONALIST  CHURCH 
IN  THE  COLONY 

On  the  earHest  plans  of  Charlestown  is  found 
marked  the  site  of  the  Independent  Church^'^, 
Presbyterian  Congregationalist.  This  spot  on 
Meeting  Street  has  been  occupied,  up  to  this  day, 
by  that  religious  society.  The  original  Church  was 
a  small  wooden  building,  which,  later  being  re- 
modeled and  enlarged,  was  painted  white  and 
thence  was  known  as  the  "White  Meeting  House." 
It  was  in  1804  supplanted  by  the  brick  building 
known  as  the  Circular  Church,  which  was  destroyed 
in  the  great  fire  of  1861,  and  in  recent  years  the 
present  structure  was  erected. 

Before  the  Revolution,  the  Society  had  grown 
so  largely  as  to  require  another  building,  so  it 
erected  one  on  Archdale  Street  which  finally  be- 
came the  Unitarian  Church. 

The  old  White  Meeting  House  once  secured  a 
parson  in  a  most  providential  manner.  The  Rev. 
Mr.  Stobo  was  returning  from  the  unlucky  Scotch 
colony  at  Darien,  after  its  unfortunate  failure. 
Oflf  Charleston  bar  the  ship  stopped  for  water  and 


27Nns.   136-150  Meeting  Street,  between   Cumberland  and 
Queen   Streets. 

31 


supplies.  Mr,  Stobo  was  invited  to  come  up  to 
the  City  and  preach  for  this  congregation  on  the 
ensuing  Sabbath.  He  did  so,  and  while  on  shore 
a  terrible  storm  arose,  wrecking  the  ship  and  losing 
all  on  board.  So  clear  a  "leading"  could  not  be 
neglected.  The  congregation  called  him,  and  he 
accepted.  He  proved  an  acceptable,  zealous  and 
useful  preacher  during  a  half  century. 


MARRIAGE  OF  "MAD"  ARCHIE  CAMPBELL 

Johnson,  in  his  "Traditions,"  gives  the  romantic 
story  of  the  marriage,  at  the  pistol  point,  of  "Mad" 
Archie  Campbell  to  Miss  Margaret  Philp,  of 
Charlestown.  The  distinguished  narrator  unfor- 
tunately has  been  either  careless  or  ignorant  of 
the  true  facts.  This  is  evidenced  by  his  giving 
Miss  Philp  the  name  of  Paulina  Phelp,  whereas  it 
was  Margaret  Philp.  The  story  as  given  by  John- 
son and  followed  therefrom  by  Simms,  Mrs.  Rav- 
enel  and  others,  is  largely  incorrect.  It  is  fair  to 
presume  that  the  family  connection  is  far  better 
authority  than  good  old  loquacious  Dr.  Johnson, 
who  did  not  even  know  the  bride's  name. 

The  uncle  of  the  Rev.  Dr.  Robert  Wilson,  of 
Charleston,  married  the  grand-daughter  of  "Mad" 
Archie  Campbell,  and  the  family  history,  joined 
to  Dr.  Wilson's  pure  and  high  character,  guaran- 
tees the  absolute  truthfulness  of  the  following  ver- 
sion, kindly  given  by  him. 

There  was  really  no  opposition  on  the  part  of 
Mr.  Philp  to  the  marriage  of  his  daughter  to  Capt. 

32 


fee 


c. 

So 

I'  . 
'its 

■-^  1-  -S 


rO" 


M-2 


Archie  Campbell,  of  the  British  force  then  occupy- 
ing Charlestown.  But  he  did  desire  delay,  as  he 
thought  proper  to  make  certain  enquiries  before 
giving  his  consent  to  the  marriage.  The  young 
couple,  however,  did  not  care  to  wait,  so  they  went 
up  to  the  Rectory  of  St.  James,  Goose  Creek^  and 
were  married  by  the  Rector,  the  Rev.  Mr.  Elling- 
ton. About  a  year  afterward,  Capt.  Campbell  was 
killed  at  the  battle  of  Videau's  Bridge.  His  wife 
died  soon  after,  leaving  a  child,  the  issue  of  the 
marriage.  This  child,  a  sweet  little  girl,  was,  in 
her  early  life,  cared  for  by  her  grandfather,  Mr. 
Philp.  After  the  war  he  communicated  with  the 
Duke  of  Argyle  as  to  his  recognition  of  the  child 
as  a  member  of  the  Argyle  family.  The  Duke 
agreed  to  recognize  her,  but  required  that  she 
should  be  sent  to  him  to  care  for  and  rear.  Mr. 
Philp  most  naturally  declined  this.  Subsequently 
Mr.  Philp  conceived  the  idea  that  the  Duke  was 
endeavoring  to  get  possession  of  the  little  girl. 
There  was  then  in  the  town  a  British  artist,  Mr. 
Thomas  Coram,  who  took  much  notice  of  the  little 
one  and  had  her  frequently  at  his  studio.  Mr. 
Philp  feared  that  Mr.  Coram  was  an  agent  of  the 
Duke,  and  was  seeking  to  kidnap  the  child.  How- 
ever, on  investigation,  it  was  developed  that  the 
artist  was  painting  a  picture  of  Christ's  blessing 
little  children,  and  wanted  the  little  girl  because 
of  her  great  beauty,  as  the  model  of  one  of  the 
children  in  the  picture.  The  little  girl  therein, 
whom  Jesus   is  blessing,   and  on   whose  head  the 

iGoose  Crppk  Church,  near  Otranto,  a  station  on  Atlantic 
Coast    Line. 

33 


Saviour's  hand  rests,  is  this  little  girl,  the  child  of 
Capt.  Archie  Campbell  of  the  British  army,  and 
his  wife.  Mr.  Coram  was  a  very  liberal  supporter 
of  the  Orphan  House  during  his  life,  and  at  his 
death  left  it  his  entire  estate,  together  with  the 
painting  referred  to  above.  This  painting  now 
hangs  in  the  Orphan  House  Chapel,  on  the  North 
wall,  to  the  East  of  the  pulpit. 

A  rather  queer  circumstance  connected  with 
Capt.  Campbell,  is  that  his  name  stands  on  no 
tombstone  but  that  of  the  son  of  the  man  who 
killed  him  in  battle.  At  its  opening  the  battle  of 
Videau's  Bridge  went  favorably  to  the  Partisans 
and  Capt.  Campbell  was  captured.  He  was 
placed  in  charge  of  Mr.  Nicholas  Venning,  who 
was  instructed  to  kill  him  if  he  attempted  to  escape. 
Later  in  the  fight,  success  turned  to  the  British, 
and  Capt.  Campbell  attempted  to  escape.  He  was 
then  killed  by  Venning,  in  accordance  with  his 
orders. 

In  the  cemetery  of  old  Christ  Church^  a  grand- 
son of  Nicholas  Venning,  in  recent  years,  erected 
a  monument  to  his  father,  James  Venning,  the 
inscription  of  which  bears  these  words,  "whose 
father,  Nicholas  Venning,  killed  a  British  officer, 
'Mad'  Archie  Campbell." 

3 Christ   Church   Cemetery,  on   McClellanville  road,  about 
five  miles   from   Mt.   Pleasant. 


34 


THE  FIRST  BAPTIST  CHURCH,  CHARLESTOWN 

The  first  Baptist  congregation  was  the  earliest 
organization  of  this  denomination  in  the'  Southern 
Colonies,  having  been  founded  in  1683.  The 
meetings  were  held  for  some  time  in  private  houses. 
In  1699,  William  Elliott,  a  member,  conveyed  to 
the  Society  the  lot  on  Church  Street  as  a  gift^^. 
A  wooden  building  was  erected,  which  was  re- 
placed by  the  present  brick  building  in  1822.  Rep- 
resenting the  original  body  of  Baptists  in  the  early 
days  of  the  Colony,  the  tomb-stones  in  its  cemetery 
and  tablets  on  its  walls  exhibit  memorials  of  the 
founders  thereof  and  early  members. 


QUAKERS  AMONG  THE  EARLY  SETTLERS 

The  Society  of  Friends,  or  Quakers,  were 
among  the  earliest  sects  to  establish  themselves  in 
Carolina.  Sir  John  Archdale,  one  of  the  Lords 
Proprietors,  who  came  out  in  1682,  was  a  Quaker, 
and  he  gave  them  a  site  from  the  Archdale  Tract, 
on  King  Street,  near  Queen,  on  which  to  build  a 
meeting  house^^,  and  such  a  place  of  worship  was 
erected  as  early  as  1682.  No  meetings  were  held 
after  1698  until  a  revival  in  1718,  after  which  the 
sect  gradually  died  out. 


28N0S.   61-65    Church    Street,   west    side,    between   Tradd 

and  Water  Streets. 
29Site  on   King   Street,  east  side,   south   of   Queen. 


35 


WHITE  MEETING  HOUSE  AT  DORCHESTER 


White    Meeting    House,    Dorchester. 

The  "White  Meeting  House,"^"  the  place  of 
worship  of  the  original  Congregationalist  group  of 
settlers,  who  came  from  Dorchester,  Massachusetts, 
to  bring  the  Gospel  into  Carolina  (the  "only  Gos- 
pel" known  to  them  was  of  the  Puritan  brand — 
they  ignored  the  other  kinds  which  had,  years  be- 
fore, been  established  in  the  Province),  was  located 
on  the  public  road  about  the  center  of  the  Dorches- 
ter Township,  but  about  two  miles  from  the  vil- 
lage. The  first  building  is  said  to  have  been  of 
wood,  which  was  replaced  by  a  brick  structure, 
erected  on  the  same  site  in  1700.  The  removal  of 
practically  the   entire  congregation  to  Georgia  in 


80Is    on    the    Charleston-Orangeburg    Road,    about    two 
miles  from  the  old  town  of  Dorchester. 

36 


1752-56  caused  the  discontinuance  of  services.  The 
celebrated  Whitefield,  in  1744,  preached  in  the 
Church  to  an  overflowing  congregation.  The  Brit- 
ish are  charged  with  burning  the  interior,  but  the 
walls  were  left  standing.  In  1794  the  Church  was 
reorganized  and  the  edifice  repaired.  But  what  a 
change!  Not  a  single  descendant  (unless  of  the 
female  line)  of  the  members  of  the  original  congre- 
gation formed  one  of  the  new  society.  Services 
for  many  years  w^ere  held  intermittently  until 
finally  the  Society  was  consolidated  with  its  off- 
spring, the   Presbyterian   Church   of   Summerville. 


A  ST.  CECILIA  CONCERT  IN  OLDEN  DAYS 

Mr.  Quincy,  of  Boston,  visited  Charlestown  in 
1773,  and  in  his  journal,  says  of  a  St.  Cecilia  Con- 
cert,— in  its  original  formation  this  Society  was 
musical,  Mr.  David  Deas  had,  he  says,  given  him 
a  ticket,  on  presenting  which  he  was  passed  from 
servant  to  servant,  and  finally  ushered  in.  The 
music  was  grand,  especially  the  bass  viol  and 
French  horns.  The  first  violinist,  a  Frenchman, 
played  the  best  solo  he  had  ever  heard.  Most  of 
the  performers  were  gentlemen  amateurs.  He 
comments  on  the  richness  of  dress  of  both  ladies 
and  gentlemen;  there  were  two  hundred  fifty  ladies 
present,  and  it  was  called  no  great  number.  "The 
ladies  are  in  taciturnity,  during  the  performance 
greatly  before  our  (Boston)  ladies:  in  noise  and 
flirtation  after  the  music  is  over,  pretty  much  on 
a  par.     If  our    (Boston)    ladies,"   says  he,   "have 

37 


any  advantage  it  is  in  white  and  red,  vivacity  and 
spirit.  The  gentlemen  were  many  of  them  dressed 
with  elegance  and  richness  uncommon  with  us — 
many  with  swords  on." 


LOVE  FINDS  OUT  THE  WAY 

About  1765,  Miss  Golightly,  the  daughter  of  an 
English  family  now  extinct  in  Carolina,  was  quite 
a  belle.  The  following  is  one  of  the  romantic 
stories  that  used  to  be  told,  as  an  instance  of  how, 
even  in  that  formal  age,  "Love  would  find  out  the 
way."  Her  family  was  averse  to  the  man  of  her 
heart,  Mr.  Huger;  why,  it  was  not  clear,  for  though 
not  a  rich  man,  was  of  high  position  and  lofty  char- 
acter. So,  Miss  Golightly,  one  night  at  a  ball, 
picked  up  a  straw  hat  which  chanced  to  be  lying 
on  a  bench,  and  with  no  more  preparation  stepped 
out  of  the  long  window  into  the  garden  and  ran 
away  to  be  married.  The  adventurous  bride  did 
not  live  long,  but  died,  leaving  one  son.  A  lovely 
picture  of  her,  with  the  straw  hat  hanging  from 
her  arm,  is  still  in  the  possession  of  her  descend- 
ants. Her  husband  married  again,  and  it  was  at 
his  plantation,  at  the  mouth  of  the  Santee,  that 
Lafayette  landed  on  his  first  coming  to  America. 
His  son,  Colonel  Francis  Kinloch  Huger,  after- 
wards risked  life  and  imprisonment  to  rescue  his 
friend  Lafayette  from  the  dungeons  of  Olmutz. 


38 


COINCIDENCES  AND  CONTRADICTIONS 

The  people  of  South  Carolina,  without  any  orig- 
inal design  on  their  part,  were,  step  by  step,  drawn 
into  revolution  and  war,  which  involved  them  in 
every  species  of  difficulty  and  finally  dissevered 
them  from  the  mother  country.  The  coincidences 
and  contradictions  of  the  period  were  remarkable. 
It  so  happened  that  while  on  the  28th  June,  1776, 
John  Rutledge,  President  of  South  Carolina,  was 
defying  the  combined  army  and  navy  of  the  King 
in  Charlestown  harbor,  his  brother,  Edward  Rut- 
ledge,  at  the  head  of  the  delegation  in  the  General 
Congress,  was  hesitating  to  commit  South  Carolina 
to  a  declaration  of  independence.  Yet  John  Rut- 
ledge,  but  a  short  time  before,  had  been  for  a  recon- 
ciliation with  the  Crown,  while  Edward  was  in 
favor  of  extreme  measures.  At  the  moment  when 
Thomas  Jefferson  rose  in  Congress  and  presented 
his  draft  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  Sir 
Peter  Parker  was  pouring  his  broadside  into  Fort 
Moultrie.  And  while  Edward  Rutledge  was  sign- 
ing the  Declaration,  John  Rutledge  was  addressing 
the  garrison  at  Fort  Moultrie,  thanking  them  for 
their  gallant  conduct! 


HOW  COLONEL  MAHAM  ACCEPTED  SERVICE 

OF  A  WRIT,  AND  HOW  HE  FOUGHT 

A  BEDPOST 

Col.  Hezekiah  Maham  won  a  golden  reputa- 
tion as  a  soldier,  but  appears  to  have  had  rather 
crude  notions  of  his  duty  as  a  citizen.     He  un- 

39 


fortunately  managed  his  financial  affairs  loosely, 
and  became  indebted  to  a  creditor,  who  finally  be- 
came very  importunate.  One  morning,  just  as  the 
Colonel  was  about  to  sit  down  to  breakfast,  a 
stranger  was  announced.  He  went  out,  his  gen- 
erous heart  filled  with  good  will  and  hospitable 
intentions,  when  the  stranger,  an  officer  of  the 
Court,  served  on  him  a  legal  writ.  The  Colonel 
took  it  gingerly,  and  read  it.  His  astonishment 
was  only  exceeded  by  his  indignation.  The  thought 
could  not  be  borne  that  he,  who  had  periled  life  and 
fortune  for  his  country's  liberties,  should  be  thus 
bearded  in  his  home^*,  his  castle,  and  threatened 
with  a  loss  of  his  own.  His  anger  rose  and  he 
determined  to  revenge  the  insult  by  making  a 
victim  of  the  innocent  instrument  of  his  creditor. 
He  returned  the  parchment  to  the  officer.  He 
sternly  and  decisively  ordered  him,  and  the 
Colonel's  orders  were  not  often  disobeyed,  to  in- 
stantly swallow  it.  But  when  the  dry  meal  was 
fairly  engulphed,  he  brought  the  officer  into  the 
house  and  gave  him  some  good  liquor  to  wash  it 
down. 

The  Colonel,  alas!  discovered  like  too  many 
others  who  had  borne  the  burden  and  heat  of  the 
day,  during  the  war,  that  the  day  of  military  rule 
had  passed  and  that  the  civil  power  was  in  control. 
He  learned  that  zurifs  were  not  to  be  served  up  as 
a  morning's   meal.     He   was   obliged   to   flee  the 


24Col.    Maham's    plantation,   near   Pineville,   Berkeley    Co. 

40 


country  and  remain  in  exile  until  the  difficulty  was 
removed  by  the  intervention  of  his  friends. 

During  the  war  he  was  passing  a  night  at  the 
house  of  a  gentleman,  living  in  great  comfort.  He 
had  partaken  of  a  good  hot  supper  and  soon  there- 
after went  to  bed.  On  retiring  he  placed  his 
sword  within  reach  of  his  bed  and  hung  his  clothes 
on  the  bed  post  at  the  foot,  his  cap  on  top.  Dur- 
ing the  night,  Col.  Maham  startled  from  his  sleep, 
dreaming  that  he  had  been  attacked.  The  moon, 
by  this  time,  was  shining  in  the  room,  giving  his 
clothes  the  appearance  of  a  hostile  soldier.  Seizing 
his  sword,  he  began  cutting  furiously  at  his  sup- 
posed enemy.  The  commotion  alarmed  the  family, 
who  ran,  with  lights,  into  the  chamber  and  showed 
him  what  havoc  he  had  been  making  with  his  own 
regimentals. 


BATTLE  OF  FORT  MOULTRIE 

The  first  decisive  defeat  of  the  combined  British 
navy  and  army  during  the  Revolutionary  War  was 
that  of  their  attack  on  Sullivan's  Island,  June  28, 
1776.  The  defence  of  the  Island  was  as  gallant 
as  its  success  was  surprising.  This  defence  really 
Composed  two  distinct  engagements ;  that  which' 
has  received  all  the  credit  and  glory,  the  defeat 
of  the  naval  attack  on  Fort  Sullivan  (now  Fort 
Moultrie)  and  the  equally  important  and  brave  de- 
fence of  the  east  end  of  the  island  against  the  Brit- 
ish attack  by  land  forces,  but  of  which  so  little  has 
ever  been  said.     Let  equal  justice  be  given  to  each. 

41 


The  Battie  of  Fort  SullivanJi 

Early  in  1776  the  construction  of  Fort  Sullivan 
(after  the  battle  named  Fort  Moultrie,  in  honor  of 
the  hero  who  commanded  the  garrison)  was  com- 
menced. Its  plan  was  a  square,  with  a  bastion  at 
each  angle.  Whole  logs  of  palmetto  were  laid  one 
upon  the  other  in  two  parallel  rows,  sixteen  feet 
apart,  bound  together  by  pieces  of  timber,  dove- 
tailed and  bolted  to  the  logs,  with  the  space  be- 
tween filled  with  sand.  The  merlons  were  walled 
entirely  by  palmetto  logs,  strongly  secured  to  each 
other  and  ran  up  ten  feet  above  the  platform.  The 
fort  was  not  completed  when  the  battle  opened, 
the  sea  faces  only  were  ready.  The  armament 
consisted  of  thirty-one  guns,  only  twenty-five  of 
which  could  bear  upon  the  fleet.  The  guns  ranged 
in  size  from  twenty-six  (26)  pounders  (French) 
down  to  nine  (9)  pounders.  The  British  attack- 
ing fleet  consisted  of  seven  ships  carrying  two  hun- 
dred thirty-two  guns  and  a  bomb  ship.  The  garri- 
son of  the  fort  was  the  2nd  Regiment  of  South 
Carolina  Infantry,  four  hundred  thirteen  (413) 
rank  and  file,  and  twenty-nine  (29)  men  of  the 
South  Carolina  Artillery  Regiment. 

After  an  all  day  bombardment,  which  did  but 
small  damage  to  the  fort  or  its  garrison,  the  Brit- 
ish fleet  withdrew,  did  not  renew  the  attack,  and 
subsequently  sailed  northward,  having  left  one  ship, 
destroyed  in  the  battle,  in  Charlestown  harbor. 


3iOn  site  of  the  present  Fort,  Station  No.  13,  Sullivan's 
Island. 

42 


The  old  palmetto  fort  was  on  the  exact  site  of 
the  present  Fort  Moultrie.  Some  of  the  old  pal- 
metto logs  are  buried  under  the  breastworks  of 
the  present  fort. 

The  next  time  under  Prevost  in  1779  the  British 
attacked  Charlestown,  profiting  by  the  experience 
of  1776,  the  fleet  did  not  stop  to  engage  Fort  Moul- 
trie, but  sailed  past,  with  little  or  no  damage,  and 
anchored  in  the  harbor  beyond  range  of  the  guns 
of  the  fort  or  those  at  any  other  point  of  the 
shores  of  the  harbor.  The  co-operating  land 
forces  moved  via  James  Island  and  across  the  Ash- 
ley River,  and  not  by  way  of  Long  Island,  as  in 
1776. 

On  the  30th  June,  in  the  afternoon,  General 
Charles  Lee,  commanding  the  Southern  Depart- 
ment, and  staff,  reviewed  the  garrison  at  Fort  Moul- 
trie and  thanked  them  for  their  heroic  defence,  and 
on  the  4th  of  July  President  Rutledge  visited  the 
garrison  and  taking  his  own  sword  from  his  side 
presented  it  to  Sergeant  Jasper  as  a  memorial  of  his 
bravery  and  an  incitement  to  further  deeds  of  valor. 

Excluding  Lexington,  which  ushered  in  the  war, 
and  Yorktown,  which  ended  it,  the  battle  of  Fort 
Moultrie  must  rank  with  the  three  most  complete 
and  decisive  American  victories  of  the  Revolution. 
It  was  the  first  absolute  victory,  the  next  was  Sara- 
toga, and  the  third  was  King's  Mountain,  two  be- 
ing in  the  State  of  South  Carolina. 


43 


Defence  of  the  East  End  of  Sullivan's  Island^^ 

The  British  landed  about  three  thousand  men 
on  Long  Island^*,  under  command  of  General  Sir 
Henry  Clinton.  They  at  once  made  preparations 
for  crossing  to  Sullivan's  Island,  from  which  it 
was  separated  by  an  inlet^^,  which  was  said  to  be 
only  eighteen  inches  deep  at  low  water,  and  erected 
two  earthworks  to  cover  the  movement.  They  had 
an  armed  schooner,  some  floating  batteries,  and  a 
number  of  boats.  To  meet  this,  Col.  William 
Thompson,  with  about  seven  hundred  thirty  men, 
was  stationed  on  the  sand  hills  at  the  east  end  of 
Sullivan's  Island.  This  position,  to  put  it  mildly, 
was  very  uncomfortable,  and  far  from  safe.  The 
only  avenue  of  escape  from  the  island,  in  case  of 
disaster,  was  a  bridge  near  Fort  Sullivan,  which 
the  Americans  could  hardly  have  reached,  if  de- 
feated by  the  superior  force  in  their  front,  and 
must  have  been  captured.  The  same  result  would 
have  ensued  if  the  fort  had  been  taken  by  the  Brit- 
ish. So  the  very  precariousness  of  the  position 
gave  added  glory  to  the  magnificent  defence  the 
Americans  made.  The  Americans  threw  up  some 
breastworks  and  mounted  two  pieces  of  artillery. 
On  the  morning  of  June  28,  1776,  some  firing  took 
place  from  the  batteries  on  either  side.  About 
noon  the  British  Light  Infantry,  Grenadiers  and  the 


32Sullivan's  Island,  near  railway  crossing  of  Breach  Inlet, 

Station   No.  29. 
3*Long  Island  is  now  known  as  the  Isle  of  Palms. 
33Breach    Inlet,    between    Sullivan's    Island    and    Isle    of 

Palms. 

44 


15th  Regiment  embarked  in  the  boats.  The  armed 
schooner  and  floating  batteries  were  placed  in  posi- 
tion to  cover  the  landing.  But  they  did  not  and 
could  not  approach  the  shores.  Thomson's  riflemen 
were  too  good  marksmen  and  it  was  soon  evident 
that  the  force  would  be  decimated  before  even  a  sin- 
gle boat  could  be  landed.  The  British  were  forced 
to  abandon  the  attempt,  having  been  effectually  pre- 
vented by  the  brave  and  determined  stand  of  the 
force  under  Col.  Thomson.  This  saved  the  fort  from 
capture  on  the  land  side.  The  defeat  of  Col.  Thom- 
son's force  and  the  capture  of  fort  would  have 
led  to  the  British  capture  of  Charlestown.  Equal 
credit,  therefore,  must  be  given  to  the  defenders 
of  Fort  Sullivan  and  to  Col.  Thomson's  force  at 
the  east  end  of  Sullivan's  Island. 


SERGEANT  JASPER  REPLACES  THE  FLAG 
ON  FORT  MOULTRIE 

An  incident  of  the  Battle  of  Fort  Moultrie'* 
was  the  gallantry  displayed  by  Sergeant  Jasper. 
When  the  fire  of  the  enemy  was  at  its  hottest,  the 
flag-staff  was  struck.  It  tottered  and  fell,  with 
the  crescent  flag,  and  lay  on  the  beach  in  front  of 
the  fort.  Sergeant  Jasper  of  Marion's  Company 
cried  out,  "Don't  let  us  fight  without  a  flag,"  and 
leapt  from  the  parapet  at  the  southwest  angle,  to 
the  beach.  He  passed  along  the  entire  front  of 
the  fort,  recovered  the  flag,  attached  it  to  a  sponge 


31  Fort    Moultrie,    Sullivan's    Island,    present    fort    on    site 
of  old.  Station  No.  13. 

45 


staff,  remounted  the  parapet  and  deliberately  fixed 
it  in  position  on  the  southeast  bastion.     This  heroic 


Sergeant    Jasper    Replacing    Flag    During    Battle    of 
Fort    Moultrie. 

act  inspired  the  men  of  the  fort  to  the  renewed  and 
persistent  efforts  which  crowned  them  with  victory. 
A  commission  was  offered  Sergt.  Jasper  by  Presi- 
dent^" Rutledge,  but  with  a  modesty  equal  to  his 

30South  Carolina  was  the  only  State  of  the  Union  which 
had  a  "President,"  the  title  of  its  chief  executive. 
This  title  was  changed  to  "Governor"  near  the  close 
of  the  Revolution. 

46 


good  sense,  he  declined,  saying  that  his  lack  of  edu- 
cation unfitted  him  for  a  higher  position  than  that 
which  he  held,  and  that  it  would  only  render  him 
ridiculous,  in  the  eyes  of  his  comrades,  to  accept. 


THE  FIRST  CHURCH  ESTABLISHED  IN  THE   COLONY 

St.  Philip's  Church  was  the  first  establishment 
of  the  Church  of  England  in  the  Province  of  Caro- 
lina. 

In  the  original  plan  of  Charles  Town  a  lot  was 
set  apart  for  a  church,  and  upon  this  lot,  at  the 
southeast  corner  of  Broad  and  Meeting  Streets, 
the  site  of  the  present  St.  Michael's,  the  first 
Church  was  built  in  1681-82.  It  was  usually 
called  the  English  Church,  but  its  distinctive  name 
was  St.  Philip's.  In  March  1710-11,  an  Act  of 
Assembly  was  passed  for  the  building  of  a  new 
Church  of  brick.  This  second  Church  was  built 
on  the  site  occupied  by  the  present  one  on  the  east 
side  of  Church  Street^^,  a  short  distance  above 
Queen.  It  was  first  opened  for  divine  service  in 
1723,  but  was  not  entirely  finished  until  1727.  It 
was  a  very  elegant  and  imposing  building,  regarded 
as  one  of  the  finest  church  edifices  in  America  at 
the  time,  and  continued  for  the  upwards  of  a  hun- 
dred years  the  pride  and  admiration  of  all  who  were 
connected  with  it.  In  historic  value  probably  no 
building  in  the  South  compared  with  this  old 
Church. 


25Nos.  144-46  Church  Street,  between  Queen  and  Cum- 
berland Streets. 

47 


Oil  Sunday  morning,  February  15,  1835,  a  fire 
broke  out  in  some  buildings  to  the  north  of  the 
Church,  and,  the  wind  blowing  strongly  from  that 
direction,  sparks  were  lodged  in  the  woodwork  of 
the  steeple,  which  soon  caught  fire,  and  in  a  very 
short  time  the  whole  building  was  so  enveloped  in 
the  flames  that  all  the  efforts  of  the  citizens,  who 
flocked  to  the  scene,  were  unavailing,  and  it  was 
completely  destroyed.  Preparations  were  imme- 
diately made  to  rebuild,  and  on  the  12th  November 
of  the  same  year  the  comer  stone  of  the  present 
Church  was  laid,  with  appropriate  ceremonies,  on 
the  same  site. 

The  following  description  of  the  interior  of  old 
St.  Philip's,  which  church  building  was  commenced 
171 1,  first  used  1723,  and  completed  1733,  and 
destroyed  by  fire  1835,  is  taken  from  Mill's  Statis- 
tics of  South  Carolina,  pp.  404-05. 

"The  interior  of  this  Church  in  its  whole  length, 
presents  an  elevation  of  a  lofty  double  arcade,  sup- 
porting upon  an  entablature  a  vaulted  ceiling  in  the 
middle.  The  piers  are  ornamented  with  fluted 
Corinthian  pilasters  rising  to  the  arches,  the  key 
stone  of  these  arches  are  sculptured  with  a  cheru- 
bim in  relief ;  over  the  centre  arch,  on  the  south 
side,  are  some  figures  in  heraldic  form,  represent- 
ing the  infant  colony  imploring  the  protection  of 
the  King.  Beneath  the  figures  is  this  inscription: 
'Propius  res  aspice  nostras'  (which  has  been  adopt- 
ed as  the  motto  of  the  seal  of  the  Church).  Over 
the  middle  arch,  on  the  north  side,  is  this  inscrip- 
tion :  'Deus  mihi  Sol,'  with  armorial  bearings.    The 

48 


EXTERIOR    OP    OLD    ST.    PHILIP'S    OHX'RCH, 

Built  1723,   burued   1835.     Copy  of  engraving  in   tlie  Gentleman's  Magazine 

and   Historical   Clii-onii-lc,    pnlilished,    London    1753. 


pillars  are  now  ornamented  on  their  face  with 
beautiful  pieces  of  monumental  sculpture,  some  of 
them  with  bas-relief,  and  some  with  full  figures, 
finely  executed  by  the  first  artists  in  England  and 
this  country. 

At  the  end  of  the  nave  is  the  chancel  (within 
the  body  however  of  the  Church)  and  at  the  West 
end  is  the  organ,  which  is  an  ancient  piece  of  furni- 
ture imported  from  England,  and  which  had  been 
used  at  the  coronation  of  George,  the  Second. 

The  galleries  were  added  sometime  subsequent 
to  the  building  of  the  Church.       *       *       *       * 

When  you  enter  under  its  roof,  the  lofty  arches, 
porticoes,  arcades  and  pillars  which  support  it, 
cast  a  sombre  shade  over  the  whole  interior  and 
induce  the  mind  to  serious  contemplation  and  reli- 
gious reverence.  In  every  direction  the  monu- 
ments of  departed  worth  and  excellence  gleam  upon 
the  sight." 


CAPTURE  OF  BRITISH  GALLEY  BY 
CAPTAIN  RUDOLPH 

A  British  Galley  was  stationed  high  up  the 
Ashley  River,  and  obstructed  the  Patriots'  move- 
ments on  either  bank  of  the  river.  General 
Greene  wished  it  destroyed,  and  Captain  Rudolph 
of  the  infantry  of  Lee's  Legion,  was  directed  to 
devise  a  plan  for  its  seizure.  Early  in  March, 
1782,  Capt.  Rudolph  matured  his  plan.  It  was 
founded  on  the  facility,  he  had  discovered,  with 
which  boats  going  to  market  in  Charlestown,  with 

49 


provisions,  were  allowed  to  pass  the  galley.  The 
Captain  proposed  to  place  in  one  of  these  boats  an 
adequate  force.  He  disguised  himself  as  a  farmer, 
and  some  of  his  soldiers  as  negroes.  Under  the 
truck  for  market  he  concealed  his  armed  men. 
Lieut.  Smith,  of  the  Virginia  Line,  joined  the  ex- 
pedition and  prepared  his  boat  similarly.  On  the 
night  of  March  i8th,  between  three  and  four  o'clock 
in  the  morning,  Capt.  Rudolph  got  near  the  galley, 
and  was  halted  by  the  sentinel.  He  answered  in 
negro  dialect  that  it  was  a  market  boat  and  asked 
permission  to  pass.  He  was  ordered  alongside,  as 
the  captain  of  the  galley  wished  to  purchase  some 
provisions.  Rudolph  obeyed,  drew  up  to  the  gal- 
ley, threw  some  provisions  on  board,  and  made  fast 
to  the  galley.  At  a  signal,  the  soldiers  rose, 
boarded  and  captured  the  galley.  Some  of  the  men 
escaped  by  jumping  overboard,  some  were  killed, 
but  the  captain  and  twenty-eight  soldiers  were  cap- 
tured. The  galley  mounted  twelve  guns,  besides 
swivels,  and  was  manned  by  forty-three  seamen. 
Rudolph  did  not  lose  a  man.  After  taking  out 
such  stores  as  he  found,  he  burned  the  galley  and 
returned  to  shore. 

The  novelty  of  this  successful  enterprise  created 
much  despondency  in  the  British  garrison  in 
Charlestown  and  depressed  the  spirits  of  the  sol- 
diers. 


50 


SILVER  OF  BISHOP  SMITH  AND  OP  THE  CHURCH 
SAVED 

Bishop  Smith  had  a  plantation,  his  home,  on 
the  Cooper  River^^.  When  the  British  were  ap- 
proaching, the  overseer,  an  Irishman  named  Mau- 
der,  whom  the  Bishop  had  previously  befriended, 
concealed  all  the  silver  and  other  valuable  articles. 
When  the  British,  under  a  quartermaster,  Sergeant 
Jack,  took  possession,  seeing  no  silver,  they  suspect- 
ed that  it  had  been  hid.  They  arrested  Mauder, 
threatening  to  hang  him  if  he  did  not  disclose  its 
hiding  place.  This  he  refused  to  do,  and  they 
suspended  him  from  the  limb  of  a  tree.  On  being 
lowered,  he  declined  to  confess.  Again  and  again 
it  was  repeated,  and  still  he  most  firmly  declined. 
At  last,  finding  him  inexorable,  steadfast  and  im- 
movable, Jack  concluded  that  he  was  either  inno- 
cent or  very  faithful,  too  good  in  either  case  to  be 
hung  like  a  dog.  He  was  therefore  released.  The 
sacramental  plate  had  been  entrusted  to  Mauder 
with  the  Bishop's  personal  silver.  He  had  buried 
both  under  the  very  tree  from  which  the  British 
had  hung  him.  After  the  war  he  confessed,  with 
great  candor,  that  he  would  have  given  up  the 
Bishop's  silver,  knowing  that  the  Lord  would  for- 
give him,  but  as  the  plate  of  the  Church  was  mixed 
with  it,  he  would  have  been  guilty  of  sacrilege  to 
have  given  that  up. 


35Brabant,  the  Bishop's  place,  was  on  the  eastern  branch 
of  the  Cooper  River,  near  French  Quarter  Creek. 

51 


MARION'S    MEN    NOT   IN   THE   TRIUMPHAL   PARADE 

When  the  British  evacuated  Charleston  near  the 
end  of  1782,  at  the  close  of  the  war,  the  American 
troops  made  a  grand  triumphal  entry  into  the  City. 
The  great  blot  upon  this  most  happy  event  was 
that  Marion's  Partisan  Rangers  were  exchrled 
from  the  parade.  It  was  alleged  that  they  were 
too  rough,  irregular  and  dirty.  It  was  a  shame 
upon  the  officer  in  charge.  Marion's  men  had  kept 
alive  the  struggle  in  Carolina  when  all  hope  was 
dead.  To  their  swords  was  largely  due  the  liberty 
being  celebrated.  Instead  of  being  excluded,  they 
should  have  led  the  patriot  column,  and  been  given 
the  greatest  honor.  History,  however,  righted  the 
wrong,  and  Marion's  men,  in  rags,  stand  on  its 
glowing  pages,  far  higher  than  the  well-dressed 
troops  who  triumphantly  entered  Charleston  in 
1782. 


REBECCA  MOTTE  GIVES  ARROWS 
TO  BURN  HER  HOME 

Mrs.  Rebecca  Motte  owned  a  plantation  and 

country  home  on  the  Congaree,  about  fifty  miles 
below  the  present  site  of  Columbia^^.  The  residence 
stood  upon  an  eminence  on  the  direct  road  from 
Charleston  to  Camden.  The  British  took  posses- 
sion of  the  house,  established  there  a  post,  and  ran 
a  line  of  fortifications  around  the  house.  It  was 
known  as  Fort  Motte.     Mrs.  Motte,  forced  out  of 


36Near    present    Southern    Railway    station    Fort    Motte. 

32 


her  home,  occupied  a  small  house  on  the  plantation. 
The  Patriots,  under  Marion  and  Lee,  laid  seige  to 
the  fort.  The  advance  of  British  reinforcements 
necessitated  a  prompt  reduction  of  the  fort.  Mar- 
ion decided  that  if  he  could  burn  the  house,  it 
would  force  the  enemy  out.  When  advised  of 
this,  Mrs.  Motte  not  only  consented  and  urged  the 
firing  of  her  home,  but  furnished  the  means  of  so 
doing.  She  had  some  East  Indian  arrows,  which 
would  ignite  on  percussion.  These  she  gave  the 
Patriots.  They  fired  them  from  rifles,  and  soon 
the  roof  of  the  house  was  in  flames.  The  British 
surrendered.  The  Patriots  and  British,  together, 
put  out  the  fire,  only  the  roof  of  the  house  being 
consumed.  More  singular  is  it  that  the  officers  of 
both  parties  dined  together  that  evening  with  Mrs. 
Motte,  who  received  all  with  equal  courtesy.  This 
noble  act  of  Rebecca  Motte,  the  sacrifice  of  her 
home,  was  sublime,  and  in  perfect  accord  with  her 
high  character  and  the  previous  devoted  services 
she  had  rendered  to  the  cause  of  liberty. 


THOMAS  CORDES'  LIFE  SAVED  BY  SMOKING 
HIS  PIPE 

At  the  Tavern  Bridge^^  on  the  road  leading  to 
Murray's  Ferry  on  the  Santee,  a  few  miles  from 
his  home,  Yahan,  Thomas  Cordes  was  taken  by 
the  British,  for  reporting  their  movements  to  the 
American  army.     He  was  just  about  to  be  hung, 


37Tavern  Bridge  is  two  miles  from  Pineville,  on  the  Mur- 
ray Ferry  Road. 

53 


when  he  requested  the  privilege  of  smoking  his 
pipe,  which  was  granted.  Just  then  a  messenger 
arrived  with  a  reprieve  from  Cornwalhs,  who  was 
then  encamped  at  Li  f eland  Plantation,  near  the 
Santee. 


GENERAL  WILLIAM  MOULTRIE 

William  Moultrie  was  appointed  in  1775 
Colonel  of  the  2nd  Regiment  South  Carolina  In- 
fantry. January  2,  1776;  he  with  his  command 
was  sent  to  Sullivan's  Island  to  build  a  fort^^  for 
the  protection  of  the  City.  This  work  and  the  de- 
fence thereof  was  so  splendid  as  to  win  for  him 
and  his  command,  undying  reputation.  He  rose 
during  the  war  to  be  a  Major-General.  After  the 
war  he  was  twice  Governor  of  his  State.  He  died 
in  Charlestown,  and  was  buried  at  his  plantation  in 
St.  James,  Goose  Creek^.  In  disposition  he  was 
easy  tempered,  but  he  was  firm  and  determined 
when  necessary.  These  qualities,  with  his  un- 
flinching courage,  unspotted  integrity,  and  his 
sense  of  honor,  marked  him  as  one  of  the  great 
men  of  his  day. 

The  following  incident  is  characteristic :  One 
Sunday  on  his  way  to  St.  Philip's  Church,  he  met 
a  gentleman  with  whom  he  had  some  cause  of 
quarrel.     They  both  preferred  to  adjust  it  at  once. 


3iHe  built  Fort  Sullivan,  which  after  the  battle  was 
named  in  his  honor,  Fort  Moultrie,  on  the  site  of 
the    present    fort,    Station    No.    13,    Sullivan's    Island. 

^Windsor,   adjoining   Woodstock,    Southern    Railway. 

54 


so  going  round  to  an  alley^^  in  rear  of  the  Church, 
they  drew  swords  and  engaged.  General  Moultrie 
succeeded  in  running  his  antagonist  through  the 
arm,  upon  which,  saluting  him,  he  sheathed  his 
sword,  and  went  on  to  Church.  Barbarians,  by 
modem  standards,  but,  apart  from  its  moral  or 
religious  aspect,  far  more  decent  than  a  fisticuff, 
which  now  so  often  takes  the  place  of  the  old  gen- 
tlemanly custom. 


SAMUEL  BACOT  AN  ADEPT  AT  ESCAPING 

Samuel  Bacot,  who  lived  on  Black  Creek,  not 
far  from  Darlington,  was  one  of  the  many  suf- 
ferers from  the  devastation  of  the  Tories.  On  one 
occasion  a  party  of  Tories  was  seen  approaching 
his  home.  He  seized  a  well-charged  musket  and 
while  the  marauders  were  dismounting,  he  was  able 
to  escape  and  hide  in  a  thick  covert  in  rear  of  his 
dwelling.  The  Tories  entered  the  house  and  were 
about  making  search  when  the  loud  report  of  a 
musket  and  the  clatter  of  shot  against  the  walls 
confirmed  their  impression  of  a  surprise.  A  panic 
followed  and  the  cowardly  wretches  ran  for  their 
lives,  leaving  their  horses  behind  them. 

On  another  occasion  he  was  taken  as  a  prisoner 
to  Camden  and  thence  sent  with  thirty  others  to- 
wards Charlestown.  As  he  plodded  along  he 
turned  over  in  his  mind  some  plan  of  escape.  The 
party  stopped  for  the  night  at  a  deserted  log  house. 


4iPhiladelphia    Alley,    back    of    St.    Philip's    Church,    be- 
tween   Cumberland  and   Queen    Streets. 

55 


The  guard  stacked  arms  in  front  and  occupied  the 
front  room,  placing  the  prisoners  in  the  back  room. 
This  gave  them  the  chance  for  conference,  and 
they  agreed  to  strike  for  Hberty,  when  Bacot  gave 
the  signal  or  watchword,  "Saturday  night."  About 
midnight  Bacot  opened  the  door  connecting  the 
two  rooms  and  asked  for  a  drink  of  brandy.  He 
saw  th^t  the  moment  for  action  had  come.  He 
raised  the  glass  and  gave,  "Here  is  success  to  Sat- 
urday night,"  and  dashed  the  liquor  in  the  officer's 
face.  As  the  words  were  uttered  he  and  his  com- 
rades rushed  upon  the  guards,  seized  their  arms 
and  overpowered  them.  The  captives,  once  more 
at  liberty,  lost  no  time  in  finding  their  way  home- 
ward. 


THE   FIRST   FREE   PUBLIC    LIBRARY  IN   AMERICA 

The  establishment  of  libraries,  encouraged  by 
Legislative  Acts  and  private  donations,  are  cer- 
tainly evidences  that  education  was  not  neglected 
in  the  early  days  of  the  Province  of  South  Caro- 
lina. "The  idea  of  a  free  public  library  could 
hardly  find  acceptance,"  it  has  been  observed,  "un- 
til the  idea  of  free  public  education  had  become 
familiar  to  men's  minds,  and  the  libraries  existing 
at  the  time  of  the  Revolution  were  necessarily  rep- 
resentative of  the  existence  of  public  opinion  on 
the  subject  of  culture."  The  Colonists  of  South 
Carolina,  had  become  familiar  with  the  ideas  alike 
of  free  public  education  and  a  free  public  library 
even  before  the  overthrow  of  the  Proprietary  Gov- 

56 


ernment.  Their  efforts  as  to  free  education  were, 
no  doubt,  limited,  but  in  each  parish  there  were 
pupils  who  were  taught  free.  There  can  be  little 
doubt  that  the  first  library  in  America  to  be  sup- 
ported, in  any  degree,  at  the  public  expense  was 
that  at  Charlestown  in  1698.  The  library  which 
the  Rev.  Dr.  Bray  established  was  the  first,  if  not 
the  only  one,  to  receive  support  from  the  public 
treasury.  October  8,  1698,  the  Commons  ordered 
that  letters  be  addressed  to  the  Lord  Bishop  of 
London  and  to  Dr.  Thomas  Bray  for  their  "laying 
the  foundation  of  a  good  and  public  library."  On 
the  19th  of  November,  1698,  the  Commons  further 
order  payment  for  certain  books  bought  for  a  pub- 
lic library.  This  library  was  supported  by  the 
Lords  Proprietors  and  by  the  Assembly,  and  was 
governed  by  Commissioners  appointed  by  the  Legis- 
lature. It  was  in  operation  in  1712  under  the  Acts 
of  1700  and  1 712,  which  are  the  earliest  library 
laivs  in  America. 

This  library  must  not  be  confused  with  the 
Charlestown  Library  Society,  which  was  founded  in 
1748,  an  account  of  which  is  found  in  another  part 
of  this  book,  and  more  in  detail  in  McCrady's 
"South  Carolina  under  the  Royal  Government." 


ART  IN  THE  EARLY  DAYS  OF  CAROLINA 

The  following  as  to  art  in  the  early  days  of 
Carolina  is  condensed  from  the  valued  article  by 
Rev.     Robert    Wilson,   D.   D.,   in   the   Charleston 

57 


Year  Book,  1899.     It  is  much  regretted  that  space 
does  not  allow  the  article  to  be  given  in  full. 

There  is  abundant  evidence  that  the  inhabitants 
of  Charles  Town  and  its  vicinity,  not  only  adorned 
their  homes  with  the  products  of  the  pencil  and  the 
brush,  but  by  their  patronage  afforded  a  comfort- 
able living  and  an  honorable  position  to  pro- 
fessional artists,  at  a  very  early  period  of  the  City's 
existence.  The  portraits,  and  especially  the  min- 
iatures of  some  of  the  earliest  settlers,  show  a  high 
appreciation  of  fine  artistic  work.  That  there  was 
a  resident  portrait  painter  in  Charlestown  as  early 
as  1705  is  certain,  for  there  is  still  existing  an 
admirable  portrait  of  Sir  Nathaniel  Johnson,  in 
the  possession  of  Mr.  Henry  L.  Barker  (in  1899) 
bearing  on  the  background,  evidently  by  the  artist's 
hand,  "Aetatis  61  April  7th  1705."  There  was  a 
lady  artist  in  the  town,  who  did  good  work  in 
pastel  and  marked  her  pictures  with  the  legend, 
"Henrietta  Johnson.  Fecit."     She  died  in  1728. 

The  next  evidence  that  we  find  of  the  prevalence 
of  artistic  taste  is  the  following  advertisement  in 
the  South  Carolina  Gazette,  1735:  "This  is  to 
give  notice  to  all  gentlemen  and  others,  that  Por- 
trait painting  and  engraving,  Heraldry  and  House 
Painting  are  undertaken  and  performed  expedi- 
tiously in  a  good  manner  and  at  the  lowest  rate 
by  B.  Roberts."  The  Gazette  of  August  30,  1740, 
contains  the  following:  "Jeremiah  Theus,  Limner, 
gives  notice  that  he  is  removed  into  Market  Square, 
near  Mr.  John  Laurens,  Sadler,  where  all  gentle- 
men  and   ladies   may   have   their  pictures   drawn, 

58 


likewise  Landscapes  of  all  sizes,  Crests  and  Coats 
of  Arms  for  coaches  or  chaises.  Likewise  for 
the  convenience  of  those  who  live  in  the  country 
he  is  willing  to  wait  on  them  at  their  respective 
Plantations."  This  gentleman,  owing  to  a  resi- 
dence of  nearly  forty  years,  impressed  the  com- 
munity with  the  influence  of  his  talents  and  high 
personal  character.  He  was  the  undoubted  pioneer 
of  legitimate  art  in  South  Carolina.  His  portraits 
came  to  be  in  great  vogue,  and  there  were  few 
families  of  note  and  position  which  were  not  rep- 
resented on  his  canvas. 

Thomas  Coram,  coming  to  Charleston  in  1769, 
was  a  skilled  artist.  One  of  his  paintings,  "Christ 
Blessing  Little  Children,"  now  adorns  the  chapel  of 
the  Charleston  Orphan  House^^.  (See  article  on 
the  marriage  of  Mad  Archie  Campbell.) 

Dr.  Wilson,  in  his  most  valuable  article  in  the 
Year  Book,  from  which  is  selected  the  above  facts, 
has  rescued  from  oblivion  the  names  and  works 
of  Provincial  artists  who  well  deserve  to  be  remem- 
bered. He  has  shown  that  from  the  very  begin- 
ning of  its  history  the  people  of  lower  Carolina 
cherished  and  patronized  art  and  artists  with  a  cul- 
tured refinement  of  taste  that  was  scarcely  less 
marked  than  that  which,  in  the  next  century,  char- 
acterized the  patrons  of  Peale,  of  Malbone,  of  Alls- 
ton,  of  Sully,  and  of  the  many  others  whose  names 
have  been  household  words. 


38Painting  of  Thos.  Coram,  in  Chapel  of  Charleston  Or- 
phan House,  on  Vanderhorst  Street,  near  St.  Philip, 
south   side. 

J9 


THE  FIRST  CELEBRATION  OF  "CAROLINA  DAY", 
JUNE  28th 

The  following  order  of  Col.  Marion  is  for  the 
first  celebration  of  the  victory  at  Fort  Moultrie, 
which  celebrations  have  been  continued  down  to  the 
present  day.  In  commemoration  of  the  battle,  the 
State  of  South  Carolina  in  recent  years  made  the 
28th  June  a  legal  holiday,  as  "Carolina  Day." 

"Regimental  Orders  of  Lt.  Col.  Marion,  June 
27th,  1777.  Commanding  Officers  of  companies 
to  apply  to  the  quarter  master  for  their  men's  coats 
this  afternoon,  in  proportion  to  the  number  of  men 
in  each  company  and  tomorrow  to  supply  their 
men  with  leggings;  all  who  had  a  pair  for  last 
year  to  give  Col.  Marion  their  names.  *  *  *  A 
number  of  ladies  in  the  Town  have  been  so  kind 
as  to  order  a  genteel  dinner  to  be  given  the  soldiers 
tomorrow  in  memory  of  their  good  behavior  the 
28th  June  last  year,  at  Fort  Moultrie  and  the  offi- 
cers of  the  Regiment,  present  them  with  a  hogs- 
head of  claret  and  three  barrels  of  beer.  Col.  Mar- 
ion hopes  the  men  will  behave  with  sobriety  and 
decency  to  these  ladies  who  have  been  so  kind  as 
to  give  them  so  genteel  a  treat;  for  soldiers  being 
seen  on  the  street  drunk  or  riotous  will  be  a  scan- 
dal to  the  regiment  and  prevent  any  further  notice 
being  taken  of  them.  He  hopes  they  will  keep 
in  barracks  and  not  a  man  go  into  town  that  day; 
and  should  any  man  be  overtaken  in  liquor,  the 
Sergeants  and  Corporals  will  have  them  put  quietly 
in  their  barracks,  for  which  reason  the  Colonel  in- 

60 


sists  that  every  Sergeant  and  Corporal  will  stay  in 
the  barrack  yard,  that  they  may  take  care  of  the 
men  of  their  company.  The  Sergeant  Major  in 
particular  is  to  stay  in  the  barrack  yard  and  keep 
good  order  amongst  the  men. 

"General  Moultrie  will  be  on  the  parade  tomor- 
row morning  and  it  is  expected  the  men  will  take 
care  to  be  very  clean  in  respect  to  him." 


THE  OLD  FORT  AT  DORCHESTER 

The    fort    at   old    Dor- 
lester'^^   which   faced  the 
Irish  Church,  stood  upon 
the  rise  or  bluff,  on 
the    banks    of 
the    Ashley 
River,  in  a  po- 
sition  to  com- 
mand  the  bridge 
across  the   river, 
the  approaches  to 
it   and   the   town 
itself.     It  is  the 
most  perfect  ex- 
ample   remaining 
in  the  State  of  a 
fort  of  that  period.    It 
is    made    of    "tapia," 
more  commonly  called 


^   "vivur 

Plan    of    Dorchester    Fort. 


"tabby,"  which  was  composed  of  oyster  shells  em- 

390n  site  of  old  town  of  Dorchester,  near  the  river. 

61 


bedded  in  a  composition  of  burnt  shell  lime,  which 
grows  stronger  the  older  it  is.  The  exact  date 
of  its  construction  is  unknown.  Tabby  was  used 
for  such  purposes  from  the  earliest  days  up  to 
1812.  There  is  a  tradition  that  the  fort  was  co- 
eval with  the  foundation  of  the  town,  used  as  a 
protection  from  Indian  attacks.  This  is  so  plaus- 
ible as  to  secure  general  belief,  but  it  is  not  sup- 
ported by  any  evidence,  and  all  the  attainable  evi- 
dence points  to  its  construction  at  the  commence- 
ment of  the  Revolutionary  War.  Neither  on  the 
plan  of  the  town  as  originally  laid  out  in  1697, 
nor  on  the  map  of  1732,  was  the  fort  set  down, 
although  the  site  of  the  parish  church,  constructed 
in  1719,  is  mentioned  on  the  latter. 

In  1775  the  Council  of  Safety  of  the  Province 
directed  Dorchester  to  be  fortified.  In  December, 
1775,  they  directed  Fort  Lyttleton,  near  Beaufort, 
to  be  repaired  with  "tappy,"  which  showed  that 
at  the  time  the  Council  was  fortifying  Dorchester, 
they  ordered  used  on  another  fort,  the  "tappy," 
which  was  the  same  used  for  the  Dorchester  fort. 
Hence,  it  is  probable  that  the  tappy  was  used  at 
that  time  for  the  Dorchester  fort.  Commissioners 
of  fortifications  for  Dorchester  were  appointed, 
and  in  December,  1775,  urgency  was  recommended 
to  them  in  the  erection  of  barracks,  a  guardroom 
and  a  place  of  confinement  for  prisoners.  The  ap- 
pearance of  the  ruins  of  the  walls  rather  indicate 
that  it  was  intended  for  this  purpose,  and  not 
for  a   fort,  as  usually  constructed.     In  February, 

62 


1776,  military  stores  were  placed  in  the  fort  which 
had  been  constructed  by  the  commissioners. 

Therefore,  we  rather  incline,  from  the  scant 
evidence  obtainable,  to  believe  that  the  ruins  now 
standing  on  the  site  of  old  Dorchester,  were  those 
of  a  fort,  or  perhaps  barracks,  built  not  earlier 
than   1775. 


FIRST  PRESBYTERIAN  (SCOTCH)  CHURCH, 
CHARLESTOWN 

In  the  year  1731  the  strict  Presbyterians  among 
the  congregation  of  the  Independent  Church  left 
it  and  established  a  church  for  themselves  after 
the  form  of  the  Church  of  Scotland^^.  They  were 
incorporated  in  1784.  They  erected  a  church  on 
the  lot  at  the  corner  of  Meeting  and  Tradd  Streets. 
which  was  replaced  by  the  present  massive  struc- 
ture. The  interior  of  this  Church  was  remodeled 
after  the  earthquake  of  1886,  and  the  contrast  be- 
tween the  stern,  almost  rugged  exterior,  and  the 
highly  finished,  comfortable  interior,  is  striking. 
In  the  Church  and  its  adjoining  cemetery  may  be 
seen  the  monuments  of  its  founders  and  the  names 
of  some  of  the  best  known  families  of  the  com- 
munity. 

On  its  walls  are  many  historic  and  valued  tablets. 
Among  these,  on  the  eastern  wall  to  the  right  of 
main  doorway  is  one  in  honor  of  Lady  Anne  Mur- 
ray, which  is  surmounted  by  the  coat  of  arms  of 


43Church  building  at  the  southwest  corner  of  Tradd  and 
Meeting  Streets. 

63 


the  Cromarty  family,  and  is  one  of  the  most  artistic 
pieces  of  workmanship  in  this  country,  and  there  is 
no  other  tablet  like  it  in  America.  The  inscription 
is  neatly  executed  on  wood,  and  is  surrounded  by 
an  elaborately  carved  oaken  frame.  It  was  visited 
by  the  Marquis  of  Lome  and  the  Princess  Louise, 
Queen  Victoria's  daughter,  in  1883,  and  by  the 
Duke  of  Sutherland,  a  relative  of  Lady  Anne  Mur- 
ray, in  1886. 

The  inscription  thereon  is: 

In  this  Cemetery  lie  the  Remains 

of 

The  Right  Honourable 

Lady  Anne  Murray 

Third  Daughter 

of  George,  Earl  of  Cromarty, 

A  young  noblewoman  as 

conspicuous  for  Piety  &  Virtue 

as  she  was  for 

High  Birth  &  illustrious  descent — 

She  died  the  17th  of  January  1768 

much  lamented. 

Near  her  lies  the  body  of  Geo. 

Murray,  Esqr.,  deputy  Secretary 

of  So.  Carolina,  A  Gentleman  of 

rigid  honesty  and  inflexible 

integrity;  who  died  on  the 

24th  of  September   1772 

64 


TABLET  TO  THE   MEJIORY  OF  LADY   ANNE   MURRAY. 
In   Scotch  Presbyterian  Church. 


DORCHESTER  AS  IT  ONCE  WAS 

The  old  Town  of  Dorchester^^  was  situated  at 
the  head  of  navigation  on  the  east  bank  of  the 
Ashley  River.  It  is  about  twenty-six  miles  from 
Charleston,  and  about  five  miles  southwest  of  Sum- 
merville.  Only  the  ruins  of  the  parish  church  and 
of  the  fort,  mark  the  spot  where  a  flourishing 
town  once  stood.  The  history  of  the  town  begins 
with  the  immigration  thereto,  from  the  town  of 
the  same  name  in  the  Province  of  Massachusetts 
Bay,  arriving  at  Charlestown  December  20,  1695, 
of  the  Rev.  Joseph  Lord  and  a  company  who  came 
to  Carolina,  *'To  set  up  the  ordinances  of  Jesus 
Christ  ther^  if  the  Lord  conveyed  them  safely 
thither,  according  to  gospell  truth  withe  a  very 
large  profession  of  ther  faithe." 

The  settlers  took  up,  altogether,  four  thousand 
and  fifty  (4,050)  acres  of  land.  They  divided 
this  up  among  them  into  farm  lands  and  lots  in 
the  "trading  town,"  the  village  of  Dorchester.  In 
the  neighborhood  were  a  number  of  settlers  and 
the  very  site  of  the  town  was  an  old  field.  The 
country  around  the  town  filled  up  and  the  town 
itself  became  a  trading  place  and  point  of  distribu- 
tion. It  stood  in  a  position  easy  of  defence  and 
of  ready  communication  with  Charlestown,  and 
thus  became  the  refuge  from  Indian  invasions. 
One  of  these  invasions  was  met  by  a  Capt.  Chicken, 


39Five  miles  from  Summerville,  on  the  Charleston- 
Orangeburg  Road,  and  about  twenty-six  miles  from 
Charleston. 

65 


at  the  head  of  the  Goose  Creek  mihtia,  and  defeat- 
ed the  Indians  at  a  place  called  the  Ponds. 

The  whole  four  thousand  and  fifty  (4,050)  acres 
was  the  township,  but  only  the  four  acres  near  the 
river  was  the  town  proper.  At  its  most  flourish- 
ing period  it  contained  a  population  of  about  one 
thousand  eight  hundred  (1,800)  souls.  Its  de- 
cadence commenced  in  1752-56  when  a  large  ex- 
odus took  place,  principally  of  the  Congregational- 
ists,  to  Liberty  County,  Georgia.  At  the  outbreak 
of  the  Revolution,  although  still  a  mere  village,  it 
was,  next  to  Charlestown  and  Georgetown,  the 
largest  town  in  the  Colony.  During  the  Revolu- 
tion it  was  garrisoned,  at  first  by  State  troops  un- 
der General  Moultrie,  and  after  the  capture  of 
Charlestown  in  1780  was  held  as  a  British  post 
until  December,  1781,  when  a  force  under  Col. 
Wade  Hampton  attacked  and  forced  the  withdrawal 
of  the  British,  and  it  passed  finally  under  the  con- 
trol of  the  American  troops. 


THE  TRUE  BIRTHPLACE  OF  GENERAL  MARION 

It  has  been  disputed  by  many  persons  as  to  the 
birthplace  of  General  Marion,  but  Mr.  Philip  E. 
Porcher  has  been  told  by  his  grand  uncle,  Francis 
Cordes,  that  he  knew  positively  that  Marion  was 
born  at  Goatfield  plantations*^,  opposite  Chachan 
gate  not  far  from  Cordesville.  When  he  was  a 
boy  he  often  visited  him  at  his  camp  near  Wadboo 


40Goatfield  Plantation  was  opposite  "Chachan  Gate,"  not 
far  from   Cordesville. 

66 


Bridge.     He  is  buried  at  Belle  Isle,  St.  Stephen's 
Parish. 

Mr.    Philip    E.   Porcher,    of    Porcher's    Bluff, 
Christ  Church,  about  eight  miles  from  Mt.  Pleasant, 
is  eighty-eight  (88)  years  of  age,  and  his  knowing 
a  living  witness  as  to  Gen,  Marion's  birthplace  pro- 
duces a  living  line  of  evidence  of  the  truth. 


PATHETIC  MEETING  OF  EXILES 

An  exchange  of  the  American  prisoners  at  St. 
Augustine  had  been  arranged,  and  they  had  to  go 
to  Philadelphia  to  be  legally  granted  their  freedom, 
and  a  party  went  there  in  a  brig  they  had  char- 
tered. Balfour's  cruel  edict,  banishing  from 
Charlestown  the  families  of  those  who  would  not 
sully  their  honor  by  taking  protection,  compelled, 
about  the  same  time,  the  removal  of  a  large  num- 
ber, mostly  women  and  children,  to  Philadelphia. 
The  brig  from  St.  Augustine  containing  nearly  one 
hundred  and  thirty  souls,  had  a  prosperous  voyage 
and  reached  the  capes  on  the  second  of  August, 
1 78 1,  and  with  a  fair  wind  continued  its  course  up 
to  New  Castle.  Another  brig  had  been  in  sight 
all  day,  pursuing  the  same  course  a  little  behind. 
The  two  brigs  came  to  anchor  in  the  evening  close 
together,  when  William  Johnson,  on  that  from  St. 
Augustine,  hailed  that  from  Charlestown  and  was 
answered  in  the  well-known  voice  of  the  captain. 
"It  that  you,  Downham  Newton  ?"  "Ay !  Is  that 
you,  William  Johnson?     We  have  your  family  on 

67 


board."  Many  other  manly  voices  immediately 
inquired  each  for  his  own  family,  and  a  joyful 
meeting  then  took  place  of  many  dear  ones,  thus 
providentially   brought   together. 


BRITISH  SUPPLY  (NOT  WILLINGLY)  PATRIOTS 
WITH  ARMS  AND  MUNITION 

The  British  dispatched,  under  proper  escort,  the 
commander  being  Lieut.  Meadows,  a  train  to  Cam- 
den. It  contained  arms,  ammunition,  and  supplies. 
It  was  proposed  to  cross  the  Santee  at  Nelson's 
Ferry.  The  Partisan  leaders  determined  to  inter- 
cept and  capture  it.  The  whole  train,  with  escort 
distributed  in  front  and  rear,  entered  a  long,  close, 
circuitous  defile  in  a  thick  forest,  near  Ravenel's 
plantation  on  the  Santee.  The  Partisans,  with 
sharp  shots  and  wild  cries  of  "Marion's  men! 
Marion's  men !  Hurrah !"  dashed  in  on  them,  front 
and  rear.  The  British  made  a  stubborn  resistance, 
but  the  gallant  onrush  of  the  Partisans  was  too 
much,  and  every  man  of  the  party  was  either  killed, 
wounded,  or  captured.  This  valuable  train  be- 
came the  spoil  of  the  Partisans,  and  from  it  they 
gathered  much  needed  arms  and  supplies.  The 
Americans  had  neither  factories  nor  arsenals  on 
which  they  could  draw  for  supplies,  and  they  had 
to  rely  upon  the  enemy  for  the  same.  From  his 
storehouses  they  armed  and  equipped  themselves. 
As  Gen.  Banks  was  said  to  have  been  the  commis- 
sary to  Lee's  Confederate  army,  so  the  British  were 

68 


the  quartermasters  and  ordnance  officers  of  the 
Partisan  Rangers.  All  hail  to  these  efficient  offi- 
cers. They  were  not  over  strict  in  their  issues,  so 
the  Partisans  were  not  troubled  to  give  vouchers 
for  the  supplies  received. 


THE  HUGUENOT  CHURCH  IN  CHARLESTOWN 

The  Huguenot  Church  in  Charlestown  was  one 
of  the  four  churches  founded  by  the  French 
Protestant  Refugees,  who  sought  civil  and  reli- 
gious liberty  in  Carolina.  Originally  it  was  styled 
"L'Eglise  Reformee  Francaise  de  Charlestown," 
but  was  subsequently  known  as  the  Huguenot 
Church^^.  This  Church  Society  is  nearly  co-eval 
with  the  City,  and  is  one  of  the  two  oldest  in  it. 
Charlestown  was  established  on  Oyster  Point  in 
1680  and  in  1686  there  was  a  French  Protestant 
congregation  in  the  town.  This  is  proved,  first, 
by  a  certificate  of  admeasurement  of  the  surveyor 
general,  dated  December  9,  1686,  and  secondly,  by 
the  will  of  Caesar  Moze,  dated  June  20,  1687,  be- 
queathing to  the  Church  of  Protestant  French 
Refugees  in  Charlestown,  £^y  for  certain  purposes. 

Those  who  are  familiar  with  the  religious  char- 
acter and  habits  of  the  Huguenots  are  not  sur- 
prised, in  fact  they  would  have  expected  nothing 
else,  but  that  they  would  promptly  organize  and 
establish  their  Church  where  they  settled. 


42Church     stands    at     southeast    corner    of    Church    and 
Queen   Streets. 

69 


The  records  of  the  Church  were  lost  in  the  great 
fire  of  1740,  so  it  is  not  known  with  certainty 
when  and  where  the  first  church  building  was 
erected.  The  Church  Society  was  certainly  in  ex- 
istence, as  we  have  seen,  in  1686.  Tradition,  how- 
ever, fixes  the  location  at  the  corner  of  Church 
and  Queen  Streets,  and  the  time  of  the  erection 
of  the  first  building  as  not  later  than  1692,  prob- 
ably two  or  three  years  earlier.  Twice  the  church 
buildings  have  been  destroyed  by  fire.  In  1843 
the  present  building  was  erected. 


ST.  JAMES'  GOOSE  CREEK  CHURCH 

A  MOST  interesting  spot  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Charlestown  is  the  old  Church  of  St.  James'  Goose 
Creek^  situated  in  the  midst  of  a  beautiful  country, 
surrounded  by  many  objects  which  excite  the  in- 
terest of  the  traveler,  and  connected  by  many  asso- 
ciations with  the  history  of  the  State  in  all  its 
stages. 

About  a  mile  from  the  Otranto  station,  A.  C.  L., 
across  Goosecreek  bridge,  along  a  winding  road, 
is  the  church,  a  handsome,  rough-cast  brick  build- 
ing, a  short  distance  from  the  creek.  It  has  four 
arched  windows  and  a  door  on  each  side,  with  a 
cherub  in  stucco,  on  each  keystone ;  over  the  west 
door  is  a  pelican  feeding  her  young;  at  the  east 
end  is  a  large  window,  in  front  of  which  is  the 
chancel,  in  which  stand  the  altar,  pulpit  and  read- 


^Near   Otranto   station,   on   Atlantic   Coast    Line,   and   on 
State   Road   from   Charleston,   near   Goose    Creek. 

70 


ing  desk;  over  this  window  the  royal  arms  of  Eng- 
land still  stand  in  high  relief.  This  is  thought  to 
have  saved  the  church  from  British  desecration 
during  the  Revolutionary  War.     The  sides  of  the 


St.   James',   Goose  Creek,   Church. 

altar  are  ornamented  with  four  Corinthian  pilasters 
supporting  a  cornice,  and  between  them  are  the 
Tables  of  the  Decalogue,  Apostles'  Creed,  and 
Lord's  Prayer.  The  roof  is  supported  by  four 
Doric  columns,  and  on  the  walls  are  several  marble 
tablets  in  memory  of  the  early  members  of  the  con- 
gregation. Among  them  one  commemorates  the 
virtues  of  the  Hon.  Ralph  Izard,  for  many  years 
one  of  the  leading  men  of  the  State  and  a  gentle- 
man of  great  ability  and  high  culture. 


71 


AN  HISTORIC  PANE  OF  GLASS 

The  place  known  as  Oakland  is  in  Christ 
Church  Parish,  and  one  of  the  panes  of  glass  in 
the  house  bore  an  inscription  made  with  a  diamond. 
It  was  in  Hebrew  letters,  and  the  translation  be- 
neath it  was,  "Exalt  Jehovah  our  God,"  and  be- 
neath it  the  writer's  name,  Joseph  Pilmore,  who 
was  one  of  the  clergymen  sent  out  by  John  Wesley, 
before  he  left  the  Episcopal  Church.  The  pane  of 
glass  is  now  framed,  and  was  hung  by  President 
Carlisle  in  the  library  of  Wofford  College,  Spar- 
tanburg, S.  C. 


THE  CRUELTY  OF  "TARLETON'S  QUARTERS" 

"Tarleton's  Quarters"  became  throughout  the 
State  the  synonym  of  the  bloodiest  cruelty.  The 
following  will  show  how  it  originated  in  a  bloody 
fact. 

Col.  Buford  commanded  a  patrol  force  of  three 
or  four  hundred  infantry  and  a  few  horsemen. 
He  was  attacked  at  the  Waxhaw^s  by  Colonel  Tarle- 
ton  with  about  seven  hundred  horse  and  foot.  Col. 
Buford,  mistakenly,  ordered  his  men  not  to  fire  till 
the  enemy  were  with  ten  yards.  A  single  dis^ 
charge  made  little  impression,  and  the  British  were 
soon  on  the  Patriots,  cutting  them  down  with  their 
sabres.  The  Americans,  finding  resistance  useless, 
sued  for  quarters,  but  their  submission  produced 
no  cessation  of  hostilities.  After  they  had  ceased 
to  resist,  they  were  badly  mangled,  until  five  out 
of  every  six  of  the  whole  number  were,  by  Tarle- 

72 


ton's  official  report,  either  killed  or  so  badly 
wounded  as  to  be  incapable  of  movement  from  the 
battlefield.  Thus  "Tarleton's  Quarters"  became 
proverbial  and  was  met  with  retribution  from  the 
Patriots  thereafter. 


PROPOSAL  TO  UNITE  THE  STATES  OF  SOUTH 
CAROLINA  AND  GEORGIA 

The  following  brings  out  the  fact,  very  little 
known,  that  in  the  early  days  of  the  Revolution, 
South  Carolina  proposed  to  Georgia  an  union  of 
the  two  States.  The  two  States  were  already  in 
union,  together,  with  the  other  of  [the  original 
thirteen  States,  and  his  movement  could,  therefore, 
only  have  meant  an  organic  union  of  the  two  States 
into  one  commonwealth. 

Letter  of  William  Henry  Drayton,  Dated  Snow  Hill, 
June  8,  1777. 

"By  our  General  Assembly,  which  is  a  pretty 
numerous  body,  it  was  unanimously  resolved,  that 
an  union  between  the  two  States  would  tend  effec- 
tually to  promote  their  strength,  wealth  and  dignity 
and  to  secure  their  liberty,  independence  and  safety. 
Commissioners  were  sent  to  Savannah  to  treat  of 
an  union  and  I  was  honored  by  being  sent  upon 
this  business.  Immediately  after  I  arrived  in  Sa- 
vannah I  found'  that  every  gentleman  in  public 
office,  with  whom  I  conversed,  was  strongly  against 
an   union.     However,   I  had  the  pleasure  to  find 

73 


some  gentlemen  of  fortune,  though  not  in  office 
or  convention,  who  heartily  approved  the  measure." 
Being  admitted  to  the  Georgia  convention,  Mr. 
Drayton  strongly  presented  the  advantages  of  the 
proposed  union.  For  full  particulars  thereof  see 
"Gibbs'  Documentary  History,"  1776-82,  pp.  77-80. 
"In  the  afternoon  the  Convention  delivered  me  a 
paper  containing  their  objections  of  the  proposed 
union,  founded,  as  I  apprehend,  upon  a  reason 
which  does  not  exist  in  nature.  For,  they  declared, 
they  could  not  treat  of  an  union  because  of  such  a 
particular  article  (which  they  specify)  in,  as  they 
said,  the  Confederation  of  the  United  States,  to 
which  they  had  acceded.  A  Confederation,  sir, 
which  I  do  assure  you  never  existed  as  a  public  Act 
of  the  General  Congress,  binding  upon  the  States, 
but  which,  nevertheless,  the  Conventions  were 
taught  to  receive  as  a  public  Act  of  Congress  and 
consider  as  such.  The  Convention  were  certainly 
innocent,  but  some  individual  is  culpable.  I  re- 
ceived the  paper  and  in  silence  quitted  the  room." 


ST.  JOHN'S  LUTHERAN  CHURCH,  CHARLESTOWN 

The  Lutherans  built  a  church  in  Charlestown  as 
early  as  1759.  The  St.  John's  Lutheran  Church 
was  the  place  of  worship  of  the  oldest  German 
congregation.  It  was  incorporated  in  1783,  and 
the  present  building^^  w^as  completed  and  dedicated 
January  8,  18 18.     The  Church  Society  is  composed 


64  Southeast  corner  of  Archdale  and  Clifford  Streets. 

74 


principally  of  citizens  of  German  extraction,  but 
who  have  become  thoroughly  Anglicized  and  keep 
up  with  their  fatherland  only  the  ties  of  religion. 


FIRST  READING  OF  THE  DECLARATION  OF 
INDEPENDENCE  IN  CHARLESTOWN 

Tradition 
gives  authority  to 
the  statement  that 
Maj.  John  Huger, 
of  Cooper  River, 
was  the  first  per- 
son to  read  the 
Declaration  of  In- 
dependence in 
Charlestown.  On 
the  arrival  of  this 
important  docu- 
ment in  the  City, 
such  was  the  anx- 
iety of  the  people 
to  hear  it,  that 
Maj.  Huger,  hold- 
ing a  high  public 
station  at  that 
time,  was  pre- 
vailed upon  to 
read  it  aloud  for 
the  information  of 
the  assembled  multitude  in  the  streets.  This  he 
did,  mounted  on  a  pump  in  Church  Street**. 

*4  Church    Street,    Charleston. 

75 


JAMES  CROCKETT  AND  THE  BEAR 

James  Crockett  (probably  the  ancestor  of  the 
celebrated  David  Crockett)  had  granted  him,  in 
1734,  a  tract  of  land  in  the  then  Craven,  now  Mar- 
ion County.  In  those  early  years  he  had  many 
adventures  with  Indians  and  wild  beasts.  His  life 
was  full  of  hair-breadth  escapes,  all  of  which  he 
put  in  a  book  he  wrote  of  his  life.  He  was  as 
humorous  as  he  was  brave.  His  dress  was  made 
of  the  skins  of  animals  he  had  killed  and  his  cap 
was  made  of  a  coon  skin,  with  the  tail  hanging 
down  his  back.  One  of  the  stories  we  give,  which 
we  have  had  to  condense  and  rob  of  the  quaint 
humor  of  his  expression. 

Out  hunting  one  day,  he  found,  in  a  swamp,  a 
den  of  young  bears,  in  a  large  hollow  stump.  Lay- 
ing his  rifle  at  the  foot  of  the  stump,  he  climbed 
up  to  the  opening  and  looking  down  saw  the  young 
bears  in  their  bed  at  the  bottom.  He  climbed  in, 
swinging  himself  feet  down,  as  low  as  his  arms 
would  allow,  then  dropped  among  the  young  bears, 
much  to  their  surprise  and  consternation.  They 
set  up  a  terrible  screaming,  which  attracted  their 
mother,  the  old  she  bear,  who  came  rapidly  back, 
got  up  to  the  opening,  and  looked  down  on  the  ter- 
rible family  confusion.  She  could  only  come  down 
backwards,  which  she  proceeded  to  do.  Crockett 
was  between  the  devil  and  the  deep  sea.  His  pres- 
ence of  mind  never  forsook  him.  He  drew  his 
keen  long  knife,  and  as  the  old  bear's  hind  quarters 
reached  him,  he  slashed  at  it  and  continued  to  do 

76 


so  until  Mother  Bruin  thought  it  wiser  to  climb 
up.  Crockett  grasped  her  tail  and  kept  cutting 
away,  she  clambered  upw^ards,  impelled  by  his 
knife,  drawing  him  up  with  her,  until  she  reached 
the  top,  when  she  jumped  to  the  ground  and  hid 
in  the  swamp.  Crockett  followed,  reached  his 
rifle,  and  shot  her. 


MAHAM'S   TOWERS 


CoL.  Hezekiah  Maham  was  a  colonel  of  cavalry 
in  the  American  army.  He  was  marked  for  his  in- 
genuity as  well  as  distinguished  for  his  gallantry. 
He  devised  a  plan  for  reducing  fortified  places, 
which  were  without  artillery,  which  was  very  effec- 
tive. While  the  method  of  application  and  the 
mode  of  construction  was  original,  the  general  plan 
was  an  adaptation  of  the  usages  of  the  Middle 
Ages.  Col.  Maham's  device  was  the  construction 
of  a  tower  of  logs,  so  high  as  to  overlook  the 
breastworks  of  the  fort.  This  was  first  tried  at 
Fort  Watson^^,  and  no  better  description  of  the 
entire  plan  can  be  given  than  by  quoting  the  words 
of  the  historian,  Weems. 

"Finding  that  the  fort  mounted  no  artillery,  Mar- 
ion resolved  to  make  his  approaches  in  a  way  that 
should  give  his  riflemen  a  fair  chance  against  the 
musqueteers.  For  this  purpose,  large  quantities  of 
pine  logs  were  cut  and,  as  soon  as  dark  came  on, 
they  were  carried   in  perfect   silence   within   point 


*5Fort   Watson   was  at   Wright's   Bluff,  on   Santee   River, 
east  bank,  now  in  Clarendon  County. 

77 


blank  range  and  run  up  in  the  shape  of  large  pens 
or  chimney  stacks,  considerably  higher  than  the 
enemy's  parapets.  Great,  no  doubt,  was  the  con- 
sternation of  the  garrison  next  morning,  to  see 
themselves  thus  suddenly  overlooked  by  this  strange 
kind  of  steeple,  pouring  down  upon  them  from  its 
blazing  tops  incessant  showers  of  rifle  bullets.  The 
Patriot  riflemen  lying  above  them  and  firing 
through  loopholes,  were  seldom  hurt,  while  the 
British,  obliged  every  time  they  fired  to  show  their 
heads,  were  frequently  killed." 


EXECUTION  OF  COL.  ISAAC  HAYNE 

(This  is  historic,  not  romantic.) 

Col.  Isaac  Hayne  had,  when  the  British 
seemed  to  have  conquered  South  Carolina,  taken 
"Protection,"  which  was  a  mutual  contract  between 
the  British  and  Col.  Hayne.  The  British  violated 
their  part  of  the  contract  which  relieved  Col.  Hayne 
from  the  obligations  of  his  part.  He  took  up 
arms  with  his  countrymen.  His  party  had  been 
attacked  by  the  British  and  dispersed.  Deeming 
himself  beyond  pursuit,  with  Mr.  Charles  Glover 
and  a  few  followers  he  had  hurried  into  the  plan- 
tation of  Mrs.  Ford^'*.  While  resting  here  on  Sun- 
day morning  a  company  of  British  cavalry  was 
seen  galloping  up  the  avenue.  Col.  Hayne  endeav- 
ored to  escape  by  crossing  the  field  at  the  back 


54Mrs.  Ford's  plantation,  four  miles  from  Parker's  Ferry, 
Edisto  River. 

78 


of  the  plantation,  but  Capt.  Campbell,  command- 
ing, saw  and  pursued  him.  In  leaping  a  ditch,  the 
side  caved  in  and  the  Colonel's  horse  fell  and  he 
was  captured.  It  is  said  that  Capt.  Campbell, 
known  as  "Mad"  Archie,  was  very  indignant 
at  the  ultimate  fate  of  his  captive,  and  declared 
that  if  he  thought  such  would  have  been  his  end, 
he  would  have  killed  Hayne  in  the  pursuit,  that  he 
might  at  least  have  died  the  death  of  a  soldier. 

For  nearly  three  weeks  Hayne  lay  in  the  provost ; 
the  basement  of  the  Exchange^^,  the  building 
known  as  the  Old  Post  Office,  at  the  foot  of  Broad 
Street,  Charlestown.  He  was  given  a  so-called 
trial.  On  his  appeal  to  Col.  Balfour,  Maj.  Trask, 
the  Town  Major  brought  him  the  fatal  answer:  "I 
have  to  inform  you  that  your  execution  is  not 
ordered  in  consequence  of  any  sentence  from  a 
court  of  inquiry,  but  by  virtue  of  authority  with 
which  the  Commander  in  Chief  in  South  Carolina 
and  the  commanding  officer  in  Charlestown  are  in- 
vested. And  their  resolves  on  the  subject  are  un- 
changeable." His  execution  was  an  act  of  personal 
tyranny  on  the  part  of  the  two  officers. 

The  procession  moved  from  the  Exchange  in 
the  forenoon  of  August  4,  1781.  The  streets  were 
crowded  with  thousands  of  interested  spectators. 
Col.  Hayne  walked  to  the  place  of  execution  with 
such  firmness,  composure  and  dignity  as  to  awaken 
the  compassion  and  to  command  the  respect  of  all. 
Neither  arrogating  superior  firmness  nor  betraying 


55 Exchange,  East  Bay,  foot  of  Broad  Street. 

79 


weakness,  he  ascended  the  cart,  unsupported  and  un- 
appalled.  Being  asked  whether  he  wished  to  say 
anything,  he  answered,  "I  will  only  take  leave  of 
my  friends  and  be  ready."  He  then  affectionately 
shook  hands  with  three  gentlemen,  commending  his 
children  to  their  care,  and  gave  the  signal  for  the 
cart  to  move. 

For  a  fuller  account  of  the  trial  of  Col,  Hayne 
and  its  subsequent  effects,  see  McCrady's  History 
of  South  Carolina  during  the  Revolution  1780  to 
1783,  pages  382-412.     It  will  reward  perusal. 


DEATH  OF  BARON  DeKALB 

The  Battle  of  Camden^ ^  was  an  overwhelming 
victory  for  the  British,  and  generally  attributed  to 
the  over-confidence  of  the  American  commander, 
Genl.  Gates.  Maj.  Gen.  Baron  DeKalb  com- 
manded a  portion  of  the  American  line  which  of- 
fered a  most  gallant  resistance  to  the  British  at- 
tack. It  was  forced,  however,  to  surrender. 
Having  his  horse  killed  under  him,  the  Baron  fell 
into  the  hands  of  the  enemy,  and  was  pierced  with 
wounds,  eight  from  bayonets  and  three  from  mus- 
ket balls.  He  was  raised  to  his  feet  and  stripped 
of  his  hat,  coat  and  neck  cloth  and  placed  against 
a  pine  tree.  While  there  Cornwallis  rode  up  and 
addressed  him,  saying,  "I  am  sorry,  sir,  to  see 
you,  not  sorry  that  you  are  vanquished,  but  sorry 
to  see  you  so  badly  wounded,"  and  gave  orders  to 


siBattle   fought   eight    miles   north    of    Camden,   and    one 
mile  north  of  Saunders   Creek. 

80 


TOMB    OP    GENERAL    BARON    DE    KALB,    CAMDEN, 
of  the  American  Army,  and  Killed  in  the  Battle  of  Camden. 


an  officer  to  administer  to  his  wants  and  rode  off. 
Tradition  identifies  the  spot  and  the  very  pine  tree. 
It  stood  until  1884,  when  it  was  destroyed  by  a 
forest  fire.  Portions  of  the  charred  trunk  are 
still  to  be  seen,  and  lie  a  few  feet  to  the  East  of 
the  highway.  DeKalb  had  been  mortally  wound- 
ed and  died  on  the  third  day  after  the  battle  in 
what  is  known  as  the  "Blue  House"^^^  in  Cam- 
den. He  was  buried  with  all  the  honors  of  war, 
and  his   funeral   attended  by  the   British   officers. 


THE  SWAMP  EPICURE 

{Condensed  from   one  of  Simms'  Historical 
Romances) 

Lieut.  Porgy  was  one  character  in  Simms'  his- 
torical romances  which  was  not  the  fictitious  name 
of  a  real  character.  The  distinguished  author  re- 
cites facts,  at  least  traditionally  true,  but  generally 
under  fictitious  names.  But  Lieut.  Porgy  is  the 
epicure  amidst  the  hardships  of  Partisan  life — a 
creation  of  the  author's  brain.  But  so  real  are 
the  many  incidents  of  his  career  that  they  might 
well  have  happened  to  some  one,  and  it  will  be  in- 
teresting to  recall  the  episode  of  Lieut.  Porgy's 
capture  of  the  terrapins.  The  story  has  to  be,  of 
course,  much  abbreviated  and  it  is  hoped  that  this 
will  not  rob  it  of  its  interest. 

It  was  night  in  the  swamp  where  Marion's  men 


i34Blue  House  stood  at  or  near  the  corner  of  Broad  and 
Meeting  Streets,  Camden,  east  of  the  Presbyterian 
Church. 

81 


camped.  Said  Lieut  Porgy,  "We  live  in  a  very 
pleasant  world,  John  Davis.  Nature  feeds  us  in 
all  our  senses,  whenever  we  are  willing  and  wise 
enough  to  partake.  You  breathe,  you  see,  you 
smell,  you  taste,  and  you  ought  to  be  happy, 
Davis;  why  are  you  not?" 

"Well,  I  don't  know,  Lieutenant;  I  only  know 
I  ain't  happy." 

"Oh,  man  of  little  faith !  It  is  because  you  won't 
use  your  senses,  John  Davis — your  eyes.  You  ask 
me  what  I  see!  Blind  mote  that  thou  art!  Dost 
thou  see  nothing?  Look,  and  let  me  show  you 
the  pleasantest  prospect,  for  a  dark  night,  that 
your  eyes  ever  hungered  over.  See  the  lagoon 
just  beyond  that  old  cypress,  see  the  dead  tree  half 
rolled  into  the  water.  Look  at  the  end  of  the 
fallen  tree.  Do  you  understand  now  why  it  is  that 
I  rejoice;  why  my  bowels  yearn  and  my  soul  ex- 
alts? Look  and  feast  your  eyes.  Not  a  word  lest 
you  disturb  the  comely  creatures." 

What  did  he  see?  On  the  log,  three  enormous 
terrapins — alligator  terrapins — uncouth  monsters, 
truly,  and  with  such  well  developed  tails  as  to  jus- 
tify their  appellation. 

Porgy  continued,  now  in  a  whisper,  "That's  a 
sight,  John  Davis,  to  lift  a  man  from  a  sick  bed. 
Look  how  quietly  they  lie;  that  farthest  one — I 
would  it  were  nigher — is  a  superb  fellow,  fat  as 
butter,  and  sticking  full  of  eggs.  There's  soup 
enough  for  a  regiment — be  quiet,  and  I  will  give 
you  a  lesson  in  dexterity.  I  was  a  great  terrapin 
hunter  in  my  youth.     You  shall  see  me  come  upon 

82 


them  like  an  Indian.  I  will  put  on  the  character 
of  a  social  grunter.  Ah,  the  hog  is  a  noble  animal ! 
It's  almost  a  sin  to  mock  him.  Hold  my  rifle  and 
witness  my  execution." 

Porgy's  agility  greatly  belied  his  appearance. 
He  was  soon  stealing  away,  along  the  edge  of  the 
hammock  and  in  the  direction  of  his  victims.  He 
pressed  forward  on  hands  and  knees,  appearing  in 
the  dusky  night,  very  like  the  animal  he  was  imi- 
tating. The  terrapins  were  uneasy,  and  Porgy  fre- 
quently had  to  stop  and  often  emit  a  grunt  like  the 
hog.  "The  hog,"  muttered  Porgy,  "has  one  feature 
of  the  good  aristocrat.  He  goes  where  he  pleases 
and  grumbles  when  he  chooses.  But  it  may  not  be 
proper  for  the  gentleman  to  put  on  the  hog,  unless 
on  an  occasion  such  as  this.  The  pleasures  of  a 
dinner  are  not  to  be  lost  for  a  grunt." 

He  pressed  forward,  grunt  after  grunt  testify- 
ing to  the  marvelous  authority  which  his  appetite 
exercised  over  his  industry.  Porgy's  grunts  were 
a  sad  fraud.  The  largest  terrapin  pricked  his 
head  and  stood  on  the  alert,  but  was  soon  satisfied. 
A  second  grunt  reassured  him.  He  had  lived  in 
intimate  communication  with  hogs  all  his  days. 
Porgy  made  his  way  forward  until  astride  of  the 
very  tree  on  which  his  unconscious  victims  reposed. 
To  reach  the  prey  he  had  to  practice  that  curious 
locomotion  styled  "cooning  the  log."  He  had 
squatted  fairly  upon  the  log,  hands  and  knees,  and 
slided  along.  Nigher  and  nigher  he  came,  until 
at  last  he  sat  squat  almost  alongside  of  the  two — 
the  third  being  almost  in  his  grasp.     He  had  put 

83 


out  his  hand  for  the  seizure,  when  the  terrapin 
showed  symptoms  of  alarm,  but  on  his  quieting 
down,  the  hands  of  the  captor  closed  upon  him, 
with  a  clutch  from  which  there  was  no  escaping. 
One  after  another,  the  victims  were  turned  upon 
their  backs,  and  with  a  triumphant  chuckle  the  cap- 
tor carried  off  his  prey  to  the  solid  tussock. 

"I  cannot  talk  to  you  for  an  hour,  John  Davis, 
my  boy — not  for  an  hour — here's  food  for  thought 
in  all  that  time.  Think  of  the  soup  we  shall  get 
out  of  these  terrapins.  Think  of  our  half-starved 
encampment.  The  art  which  traps  for  us  such 
food  rises  into  absolute  sublimity!  Some  years 
hence  when  our  great  grand-children  think  of  the 
sort  of  life  we  led  when  we  were  fighting  to  secure 
them  an  inheritance,  they  will  record  this  achiev- 
ment  of  mine  as  worthy  of  Roman  fame." 


DON'T  ASK  FOR  GIZZARDS 

Col.  Pendleton  was  once  cornered  by  the  Brit- 
ish at  the  Pinckney  Plantation,  "Fairfield,"  on  the 
Santee  River.  To  conceal  him,  the  good  ladies 
wrapped  him  in  a  roll  of  carpet  and  stored  him 
away  in  the  garret.  The  British  soldiers  searched 
vainly  from  attic  to  cellar.  The  colonel,  unfortu- 
nately, was  something  of  an  epicure,  and  this  weak- 
ness led  to  his  discovery.  He  was  particularly  fond 
of  turkey  gizzards.  Hearing  a  servant  killing  a  tur- 
key in  the  yard,  his  appetite  got  the  better  of  his 

84 


prudence,  and  he  called  out  of  the  window  to  the 
servant  to  save  the  gizzard  for  him.  His  voice  be- 
trayed his  whereabouts,  and  he  was  soon  made  a 
prisoner. 


SIEGE  OF  CHARLESTOWN— 1780 

This  attack  by  the  British  on  Charlestown  was 
rather  different  from  that  of  1776,  and  more  re- 
sembled that  made  by  Prevost  in  1779.  The  Brit- 
ish approached  via  James  Island  and  the  west  side 
of  the  Ashley  River,  crossed  that  river  above  the 
City,  moved  down  the  peninsula,  and  laid  siege. 
Their  fleet  did  not  engage  Fort  Moultrie,  but  sailed 
past,  not  injured  by  the  heavy  fire,  and  anchored 
ofif  Fort  Johnson. 


Horn    Work,    Defencea    of    Charlestown,    1780. 


The  City  had  defences  all  along  the  water  front, 
which  prevented  any  landing  from  the  fleet.  The 
lines  on  the  land  side  ran  across  the  neck  on  the 
ridge  just  north  of   (now)   Calhoun  Street.     The 

85 


City  Gate  was  at  King  Street,  and  on  each  side 
was  a  strong  fortress  called  Horn  Work,  faced 
with  "tabby"^*^.  A  remnant  of  this  "tabby"  of 
horn  work  now  stands  near  the  Citadel  Building, 
on  the  King  Street  side. 

The  enemy  threw  bombs,  shells,  carcasses,  fire 
balls  into  the  City,  largely  damaging  property,  and 
causing  many  fires.  Families  had  to  find  safety  in 
their  cellars.  A  family  occupied  the  small  brick 
house  on  Calhoun  Street,  just  west  of  the  present 
Columbus  Hall^^.  The  father  had  obtained  leave 
to  visit  his  family.  As  he  entered  the  house  and 
embraced  his  wife,  a  cannon  ball  from  the  enemy 
killed  both,  dying  in  each  other's  arms. 

After  years  brought  to  light  the  fact  that  Maj. 
Andre  was  in  Charlestown  during  the  siege,  as  a 
spy,  and  was  secreted  in  a  house  on  the  east  side 
of  East  Bay,  opposite  the  Pinckney  mansion*®. 

The  use  of  facines  became  necessary  for  the  de- 
fence, and  Col.  John  Laurens  sacrificed  his  beauti- 
ful ancestral  garden^^  to  furnish  the  materials. 
From  this  source,  he  and  his  followers  prepared  the 
facines,  and  repaired  the  works. 

Learning  that  provisions  were  becoming  scarce 
in  the  City,  the  British,  as  a  joke,  threw  in  a  bomb- 
shell filled  with  rice  and  molasses.  The  Americans 
returned   the   same   shell,   filled   with   sulphur  and 


46The  remnant  of  the  horn  work  stands  on  Marion 
Square,    near    the    Citadel    building    and    King    Street. 

47No.  145  Calhoun   Street. 

■*8Site  of  present  Union  Cotton  Press. 

49John  Laurens'  garden,  the  square  bounded  by  East 
Bay,  Society,  Anson  and  Laurens  Streets. 

86 


hog  fat,  with  a  note  that  it  was  for  the  Scotch 
regiments,  to  cure  them  of  the  itch. 

As  the  siege  progressed,  the  distress  of  the  be- 
sieged from  hunger,  exhaustion,  wounds  and  death 
was  largely  increased  and  the  fire  of  the  enemy  be- 
came daily  more  destructive.  The  inhabitants 
joined  in  a  petition  to  Gen.  Lincoln,  the  American 
commander,  urging  capitulation,  to  which  he  finally 
consented,  and  the  surrender  was  agreed  upon  May 
12,  1780,  after  a  siege  of  six  weeks. 

How  precarious  is  the  fortune  of  war!  After 
the  capitulation  it  was  discovered  that  the  British 
commander,  having  heard  that  a  French  fleet  was 
on  its  way  to  relieve  Charlestown,  had  considered 
the  raising  of  the  siege. 

Charlestown  was  the  only  American  city  which 
had  stood  the  siege  of  the  British  troops.  It  had 
been  subjected  previously  to  two  other  attacks, 
both  of  which  had  failed.  It  was  only  captured 
after  an  obstinate  and  protracted  defence. 

The  following  condensation  of  the  translation  from  the  French 

of  a  journal  kept  by  De  Brahm,  a  French  engineer  in 

the  American  Arm",  will  give  the  progress  of 

the  siege  in  detail,  and  will  be  very 

interesting: 

Feby.  9,  1780. — The  English  fleet  arrived  on 
Stono  Inlet.     Alarm   fired   in  Charlestown. 

Feby.   loth. — The  British  troops  landed. 

March  9th  and  loth. — Seven  vessels  were  sunk 
near  mouth  of  Cooper  River,  and  cables  fixed  from 
one  to  other,  to  prevent  entrance  of  the  river. 

March  13th. — The  enemy  took  possession  of  the 

87 


land  on  Ashley  River,  opposite  the  town,  construct- 
ed a  battery  near  the  mouth  of  Wappoo,  on  the 
prolongation  of  Tradd  Street^^,  on  the  site  of  the 
traditional  residence  of  Gov,  William  Sayle  in  1670. 

March  21st. — The  English  fleet  passed  the  bar 
and  anchored  in  Five  Fathom  Hole. 

March  25th. — Our  armed  (American)  vessels 
before  Fort  Moultrie,  returned  to  town.  Cannon 
were  transported  into  land  batteries. 

March  29th. — The  English  army  crossed  Ashley 
River,  twelve  miles  above  the  town^^ 

March  30th. — The  advanced  guard  of  the  enemy 
within  two  miles  of  Charlestown.  The  fortifica- 
tions, even  at  this  time,  very  incomplete.  All  ne- 
groes in  town  impressed,  and  with  parties  detailed 
from  garrison,  were  henceforth  employed  upon 
works. 

March  31st. — At  daybreak  observed  that  the 
enemy  had  opened  his  trenches  in  three  places. 

April  1st  and  2nd. — The  enemy's  works  were  a 
little  extended  and  ours  augmented. 

April  3rd. — This  morning  the  battery  was  dis- 
covered upon  a  height  at  Hampstead^^.  Four 
pieces  constructed  on  our  right  to  oppose  the 
enemy's,  from  which,  and  all  the  others,  continuous 


soBattery  was  on  the  point  of  land  between  Ashley  River 
and  Wappoo  Cut,  on  the  mainland. 

oiBritish  crossed  the  Ashley  River  at  Ashley,  now  Bee's 
Ferry. 

52Half  Moon  Battery,  west  of  Bay  Street,  between  Co- 
lumbus and  Amherst,  opposite  Terminal  Station,  and 
was  standing  up  to  about  1880. 

88 


firing  of  shot  and  bombs  kept  up  the  following 
night  along  lines. 

April  4th. — This  morning  daylight  discovered  to 
us  the  enemy's  battery  very  much  injured. 

April  5th. — Galleys  fire  on  town  all  night — gorge 
of  horn-work  closed. 

April  6th. — Reinforcements  under  Gen.  Wood- 
ford arrived. 

April  7th. — Enemy  prolongs  right  of  his  first 
parallel. 

April  8th. — Quarter  before  sunset,  English  fleet 
passed  Fort  Moultrie,  under  heavy  fire,  and  an- 
chored in  a  line  near  Fort  Johnson.  Fleet  consisted 
of  seven  vessels,  one  of  which  grounded  on  a  bank 
called  "The  Green." 

April  9th. — Grounded  vessel  abandoned  and 
burnt.  Enemy  commenced  battery  in  front  of  our 
left. 

April  loth. — Works  of  enemy  advanced.  This 
evening,  parley  received  demanding  surrender,  re- 
fused. 

April  nth. — Our  batteries  fired  a  great  deal  last 
night. 

April  1 2th. — Little  firing  during  night.  Enemy 
had  more  cannon  mounted.  At  noon  three  chalops 
passed  Fort  Moultrie  under  heavy  fire  and  joined 
the  fleet. 

April  13th. — 9  a.  m.,  enemy  opened,  firing  bombs, 
carcasses  and  hot  balls;  fire  returned;  lasted  two 
hours.  We  had  one  18-pound  gun  dismounted  and 
two  houses  in  town  burnt. 

April  14th. — Slow  fire  all  last  night;  enemy  ad- 

89 


vanced  little;  commenced  battery  on  banks  of  Ash- 
ley opposite  the  town. 

April  15th. — Fire  continued.  Enemy's  second 
parallel  commenced. 

April  i6th. — In  addition  to  usual  fire  enemy 
opened  from  new  battery.  This  evening  one  of 
our  galleys  ascended  Cooper  River,  taking  position 
enfilading  English  camp — kept  up  fire  several  hours. 

April  17th. — Enemy  enfiladed  town  on  all  sides 
last  night,  and  threw  many  bombs.  This  morning 
enemy's  second  parallel  prolonged  to  our  left. 

April  i8th. — Fire  from  batteries  and  musketry 
all  day. 

April  19th. — Fire  continues.  Evening  three  of 
enemy's  galleys  descend  Wappoo  and  joined  fleet, 
under  heavy  fire.     One  lost  her  main  mast. 

April  20th. — Ravelin  commenced  in  front  of 
horn  work. 

April  2 1  St. — Enemy  commenced  two  batteries 
near  his  second  parallel. 

April  23rd. — Enemy  extended  sap  of  his  second 
parallel. 

April  24th. — Sortie  by  Col.  Henderson  and  two 
hundred  (200)  men.  Returned  with  twelve  pris- 
oners. 

April  26th. — Enemy  commenced  third  parallel. 
Troops  from  a  vessel  and  four  Gallies  landed  at 
Mt.  Pleasant  and  took  a  battery  with  one  piece, 
and  losing  a  galley. 

April  28th. — Last  night  our  fort  at  Lampriere's 
was  evacuated  and  occupied  by  the  enemy  today. 
Charlestown  now  completely  invested. 

90 


May  4th,  5th,  and  6th. — Enemy  makes  three  bat- 
teries on  third  parallel  and  we,  two  redoubts. 

May  7th. — Fort  Moultrie  capitulated.  A  sixty- 
gun  ship  joined  the  fleet. 

May  8th. — Enemy  sent  a  parley  truce  during  the 
day.  In  Council  of  War,  composed  of  all  the  offi- 
cers of  the  General  Statf,  it  was  resolved,  by  a 
majority  vote,  to  propose  a  capitulation. 

May  9th. — Enemy  mounted  cannon  in  batteries 
of  third  parallel,  during  the  truce.  Commanders 
not  agreeing  on  terms,  siege  recommenced. 

May  nth. — Enemy's  trenches  extended  under 
abattis  of  advanced  battery.  This  afternoon  par- 
ley sent  to  enemy  to  propose  fresh  terms. 

May  1 2th. — Terms  accepted,  and  English  army 
take  possession.  The  English  have  worked  very  hard 
upon  fortifications.  All  I  can  learn  is,  that  they 
have  strengthened  the  profiles  of  the  lines;  have 
constructed  a  fort  at  Hampstead,  and  some  re- 
doubts more  advanced;  they  have  also  commenced 
a  battery  on  Shute's  Folly^^. 


THE  RESCUE  OF  COL.  ISAAC  HAYNE 

This  story  is  certainly  not  historically  correct, 
and  even  tradition  does  not  justify  it.  It  is  given 
by  the  novelist  and  romancer,  Wm,  Gilmore  Simms, 


53 Shute's  Folly,  the  marsh  island  on  which  Castle  Pinck- 
ney  stands.  So  named,  it  is  said,  because  one  Shute 
attempted  to  bank  it  in  and  make  a  field.  The  first 
Equinoctial  gale  totally  destroyed  the  work,  hence 
Shute's  Folly. 

91 


and  is  most  apt  to  be  a  creation  of  his  fervid  imag- 
ination, marvelous  if  not  probable,  and  hence  may 
properly  find  a  place  in  "The  Romance  of  Lower 
Carolina." 

Col.  Isaac  Hayne  had,  when  the  Patriot  cause 
seemed  to  have  been  lost  in  South  Carolina,  taken 
British  "Protection."  The  contract  was  violated 
by  the  proclamation  of  Sir  Henry  Clinton,  so 
Hayne  was  duly  authorized  and  did  take  up  arms 
for  his  country.  He  was  captured  at  the  Battle  of 
Camden,  it  is  said.  Failing  to  induce  Col.  Hayne 
to  accept  the  flattering  commission  offered  by  the 
British,  Lord  Cornwallis  decided  that  he  must  be 
hung  as  a  traitor.  He  sent  him  to  Dorchester, 
where  he  was  well  known,  to  be  executed  there,  be- 
cause of  the  influence  it  would  have  upon  the  peo- 
ple. 

An  officer  of  Marion's  men,  with  a  detachment 
of  men  went  to  the  neighborhood  of  Dorchester  to 
effect,  if  possible,  the  rescue  of  Col.  Hayne. 

On  the  day  of  the  execution,  a  strong  guard,  a 
majority  of  the  garrison,  with  the  prisoner, 
emerged  at  midday  from  the  town.  The  road,  at 
the  place  of  execution,  was  on  the  easy  ascent  of  a 
small  clay  hill.  On  each  side  a  squad  of  the  Parti- 
sans had  been  concealed,  and  in  convenient  trees, 
hidden  by  their  close  foliage,  were  three  skilled 
riflemen.  The  procession  moved  on — the  crowd 
gathered — the  doomed  victim  was  before  the  fatal 
tree — the  ofiicer  in  command  proceeded  with  his 
arrangements  for  the  execution.  Hark!  What  is 
that  ?     The  church  bell  has  sounded  a  single  stroke. 

92 


All  are  startled  by  the  unexpected.  It  was  repeat- 
ed. The  clashing  metal  thundered  forth  peal  after 
peal.  Then  the  surprise  was  complete.  The  sig- 
nal brought  the  wild  cries  of  men,  women  and  chil- 
dren from  the  town.  A  sudden  burst  of  flames 
rose  from  the  center  of  the  town — another  and  an- 
other in  other  directions — the  village  was  on  fire! 
The  crowd  broke  on  every  side,  rushing  through 
the  guard  surrounding  the  prisoner,  creating  the 
greatest  confusion.  While  the  alarm  was  at  the 
highest  and  the  commander  was  striving  to  pre- 
serve order  and  keep  his  troops  in  ranks,  he  fell 
from  the  fire  of  one  of  the  hidden  riflemen.  Then 
the  bugles  of  the  Partisans  sounded  and  both 
squads  impetuously  charged  upon  the  British. 
Their  officer  next  in  command  coolly  closed  his 
men  around  the  prisoner  and  faced  them  to  meet 
their  enemy.  The  Partisan  commander  broke 
through  the  enemy's  line.  The  fatal  cart  was  before 
him.  Right  and  left  his  heavy  sabre  cut.  He  was 
well  supported  by  his  men.  The  fight  grew  fearful 
around  the  cart  in  which  stood  the  prisoner  with 
his  hands  tied.  In  a  moment  one  of  the  Partisans 
leapt  into  the  wagon  and  cut  the  cords.  Hayne 
sprang  from  the  cart,  and  the  Partisans  g'athered 
around  him.  They  held  the  enemy  at  bay,  while 
Col.  Hayne  gained  the  cover  of  the  woods  and 
mounted  the  horse  provided  for  him.  He  rushed 
forth,  with  a  wild  shout,  giving  the  enemy  the  im- 
pression of  assistance  coming.  The  British  gave 
back,  yielded,  and  finally  broke  and  fled  down  the 

93 


road  to  the  village,  and  the  Partisans,  carrying  off 
Col.  Hayne,  retired  to  their  swamp  fastness. 

The  signal  for  the  rescue  of  Col.  Hayne  was 
given  by  a  brave  young  girl  of  Dorchester.  Be- 
fore dawn  on  that  day  she  went  to  the  church, 
climbing  over  the  graves  with  some  trepidation, 
making  her  way  into  the  church,  and  thence  to  the 
steeple.  Here  she  watched  patiently  and  long. 
Hour  after  hour,  until  noon,  did  the  girl  continue, 
close  concealed,  awaiting  the  moment  to  do  her 
share. 

Her  task  was  to  watch  until  the  cavalcade 
reached  a  certain  point  and  then  sound  the  tocsin 
and  give  the  signal.  The  bell  sounded  a  single 
stroke — it  was  repeated!  The  alarm  was  given! 
Woman  has  again  shown  her  patriotic  devotion  to 
the  cause  of  the  liberty  of  her  country. 

The  place  of  execution  is  supposed  to  have  been 
the  hill  on  the  Orangeburg  Road  just  before  reach- 
ing Dorchester,  and  about  half  a  mile  from  the 
fort.  The  tree  from  which  he  was  to  have  hung 
was  pointed  out  up  to  about  1900,  when  it  was 
blown  down. 


HOW  THE  PARTISANS  REACHED  THEIR  SWAMP 
FASTNESSES 

(Condensed  from  one  of  Simms'  Historical 
Romances) 

During  the  Revolutionary  struggle  in  lower 
Carolina  the  bands  of  Patriots  and  native  Tories 
made  use  of  the  many  swamps    in    that    region. 

94 


These  swamps  are  many  miles  in  extent,  and  have 
many  plots  of  high  ground  in  their  recesses,  which 
were  used  as  the  refuges  of  both.  Their  intrica- 
cies were  well  known,  from  life  long  experience,  to 
the  natives  and  they  were  thus  enabled  to  protect 
themselves  by  hiding  in  their  depths.  To  the  un- 
initiated it  is  a  wonder  how  these  men  got  into 
these  hidden  fastnesses.  It  will  be  interesting  to 
learn,  from  the  great  Carolina  romance  writer, 
Simms,  how  one  of  the  swamps  was  entered.  We 
therefore  present  this  account,  muchly  condensed. 
A  bugle  speaks  shrilly — a  single  sharp  note  as  a 
signal.  A  torch  flares  through  the  woods  above  and 
along  the  narrow  ridges,  leading  a  detachment  of 
twenty  troopers,  who  slowly  pick  their  way.  They 
pass  in  single  file  down  into  the  gloom,  the  torch 
bearer  on  foot,  showing  the  narrow  trail,  which 
they  take  in  silence.  The  land  undulates.  Now 
they  are  on  hard,  red  clay,  now  they  sink.  The  way 
before  them  is  broken  into  holes  and  rivulets.  The 
fallen  cypress,  half  buried  in  the  long  grasses, 
stretches  at  their  feet.  They  scramble  over  it, 
only  to  plunge  into  the  turbid  waters  of  the  bayou. 
They  cross  a  clammy  moat,  scramble  up  a  rugged 
causeway,  at  the  farther  end  of  which  a  torch 
waves.  The  bearer  stands  upon  a  fallen  tree, 
spanning  a  gorge,  in  which  is  seen  a  shattered 
wheel  in  a  half  choked  mill  race.  The  horsemen 
wind  along  below  him  near  the  edge  of  the  cause- 
way. They  lead  their  steeds  across  the  ditch  and 
make  their  way,  roughly,  up  the  opposite  bank. 
There  is  the  ancient  mill  seat.     The  light  sweeps 

95 


around  it  and  the  troopers  follow,  among  bays  and 
willows  beyond  the  lake  of  cypress.  This  disap- 
pears. The  torch  bearer  reappears  upon  a  rising 
ground,  and  behind  him  stands  the  rude  log  house 
of  the  miller,  the  destination  of  the  party. 


GRAND    OLD    ST.    MICHAEL'S    IN    CHARLESTOWN 

On  the  17th  of  February,  1752,  the  comer  stone 
of  the  present  building  of  St.  Michael's  was  laid^^. 
The  material  of  which  it  was  built  was  brought 
from  England.  The  steeple,  rearing  its  towering 
head  One  Hundred  Eighty  (180)  feet,  is  architec- 
turally unsurpassed  by  any  in  the  country  then  or 
now. 

During  the  siege  of  Charleston,  1780,  a  shot 
from  a  British  battery  on  Stile's  place  on  James 
Island,  called  by  the  citizens  the  "Watermelon  Bat- 
tery," struck  the  steeple  and,  glancing,  carried  ofif 
the  arm  of  the  statue  of  Pitt,  which  then  stood 
near  the  Church. 

The  old,  square,  high-backed  pews  and  the  sound- 
ing board  OA^er  the  pulpit,  have  been  retained  to 
the  present  day,  giving  the  interior  a  very  colonial 
aspect.  The  chime  of  eight  bells  has  crossed  the 
Atlantic  five  times.  On  the  evacuation  of  the  City 
by  the  British  in  1782  they  were  carried  as  one  of 
the  spoils  of  war  to  Great  Britain,  but  were  re- 
turned. During  the  Confederate  War  they  were 
carried  to  Columbia,   supposedly  for  safety.     But 


26Church  stands  at  southeast  corner  of  Broad  and  Meet- 
ing Streets,  Charleston. 

96 


;t.   .MICHAEL'S  cinrtcii,   chaiilestown. 

Coruer  Stuue  laid  1752. 


when  in  that  City,  at  the  time  of  the  Federal  occu- 
pation, they  were  so  cracked  and  injured  as  to  be 
useless.  After  the  war  they  were  sent  back  to 
England  and  recast  in  the  original  moulds,  and  by 
the  successors  of  the  firm  which  originally  made 
them,  one  hundred  years  before.  No  sound  ap- 
peals so  touchingly  to  the  heart,  particularly  of  the 
Charlestonian,  as  from  these  old  bells.  On  the 
walls  of  the  Church  and  in  the  grave  yard  are 
many  memorials  to  the  distinguished  dead  of  Caro- 
lina. 


COLONEL  ROBERTS  AND  MAJOR  DAVIE 

Among  the  American  officers  who  lost  their 
lives  at  the  Battle  of  Stono^^,  was  the  gallant  Col. 
Owen  Roberts,  commander  of  the  4th  South  Caro- 
lina Continental  Regiment.  He  had  taken  an  ac- 
tive part  in  the  Revolution  from  its  commencement 
and  had  been  elected,  by  the  Provincial  Congress, 
Major  of  the  ist  Regiment.  He  had  won  a  splen- 
did reputation  for  bravery  and  skill  as  an  officer. 
His  son,  who  was  also  in  the  battle,  hearing  of  his 
father's  fatal  wound,  hastened  to  him.  The  expir- 
ing officer,  perceiving  his  son's  great  sorrow,  with 
great  composure,  it  is  said,  thus  addressed  him, 
"I  rejoice,  my  boy,  once  more  to  embrace  you. 
Receive  this  sword,  which  has  never  been  tar- 
nished by  dishonor,  and  let  it  not  be  inactive  while 


56Stono  Ferry  crosses  the  Stono  River,  between  the  main- 
land and  John's  Island.  The  battle  was  fought  on 
the  mainland,  near  the  ferry.  It  is  about  six  miles 
from   Charleston. 

97 


the  liberty  of  your  country  is  endangered.  Take 
my  last  adieu,  accept  my  blessing,  and  return  to 
your  duty." 

Major  William  R.  Davie  was  severely  wounded 
in  the  same  battle,  and  narrowly  escaped  with  his 
life,  and  w-as  only  saved  by  the  devotion  of  a 
trooper,  whose  horse  had  been  killed.  On  his  re- 
treat, seeing  the  imminent  danger  of  his  officer,  re- 
turned at  the  risk  of  his  life,  for  the  enemy  were 
within  a  few  steps,  and  with  great  composure  raised 
Maj.  Davie  on  to  his  horse,  to  whose  bridle  Davie 
had  clung,  and  safely  led  him  from  the  battlefield. 
Depositing  the  Major  in  safety,  this  trooper  dis- 
appeared. Though  diligent  inquiry  was  made,  Maj. 
Davie  could  not  ascertain  who  was  his  preserver. 
Two  years  after,  at  the  siege  of  Ninety-Six,  the 
trooper  made  himself  known,  and  w^as  unfortu- 
nately killed  the  next  day  in  battle. 


REVOLUTIONARY  BREECH  LOADERS 


Breech    Loaders    used    at    Battle    of   Camden. 

A  VERY  unique  and  interesting  relic  of  the  Revo- 
lutionary War  is  a  pair  of  pistols,  used  by  Capt. 


98 


William  Johnson  in  the  Battle  of  Eutaw.  Their 
peculiarity  is  that  they  are  breech  loaders.  The 
mechanism  is  crude  and  clumsy.  The  barrel  had 
to  be  unscrewed  from  the  breech,  the  charge  in- 
serted, and  the  barrel  screwed  back,  primed,  and 
then  was  ready  for  firing.  All  this  had  to  be  re- 
peated after  every  discharge.  A  pistol,  in  the  pos- 
session of  the  author,  made  in  1744,  has  elevating 
sights,  in  principle  the  same  as  those  of  the  modern 
rifle.  Thus  were  so-called  modern  inventions  fore- 
stalled by  the  inventiveness  of  preceding  ages. 


MAJOR   JAMES   INTERVIEWS   THE   BRITISH   CAPTAIN 

About  the  end  of  June,  1780,  Ardesoif  of  the 
British  navy  arrived  at  Georgetown^  to  carry  Sir 
Henry  Clinton's  last  proclamation  into  effect,  and 
invited  the  people  to  come  in  and  swear  allegiance  to 
King  George.  Many  complied,  but  the  inhabitants 
of  a  portion  of  the  district,  of  Irish  extraction, 
and  settled  in  what  is  now  the  County  of  Williams- 
burgh,  and  a  part  of  Marion,  into  which  the  Brit- 
ish arms  had  not  penetrated,  held  a  public  meeting 
to  consider  the  matter.  Major  John  James,  who 
had  commanded  some  of  the  people  in  battle,  and 
also  represented  them  in  the  General  Assembly, 
was  chosen  to  go  down  to  Georgetown  and  learn 
if  it  was  really  meant  by  the  proclamation  that 
they  would  be  required  to  take  up  arms  against 
their  fellow  countrymen.     Major  James  proceeded 


1  Georgetown  is  reached  by  Seaboard  Air  Line. 

99 


to  Georgetown  in  the  plain  garb  of  a  country 
planter  and  was  presented  to  the  Captain  at  his 
residence.  The  Captain  heard  Major  James  with 
surprise  and  indignation  that  such  an  embassy 
should  be  sent  to  him,  and  answered  that,  "The 
submission  must  be  unconditional."  To  an  in- 
quiry whether  the  inhabitants  would  be  allowed 
quietly  to  stay  at  home,  he  replied,  "Although  you 
have  rebelled  against  his  Majesty,  he  offers  you  a 
free  pardon;  you  must  take  up  arms  in  support  of 
his  cause."  To  the  Major's  suggestion  that  the 
people  he  came  to  represent  would  not  submit  to 
such  terms,  the  Captain,  irritated  at  his  bold  lan- 
guage, particularly  at  the  word  "represent,"  re- 
plied, "You  damned  rebel,  if  you  speak  in  such 
language,  I  will  immediately,  order  you  to  be  hung 
up  to  the  yard  arm,"  The  Captain  was  armed  with 
a  sword,  the  Major  had  no  arms,  so  he  seized  a 
chair,  brandished  it  in  the  face  of  Capt.  Ardesoif, 
and  making  his  retreat  good  through  the  back  door 
of  the  house,  mounted  his  horse  and  made  his  es- 
cape. 

This  incident  hastened  the  raising  of  Marion's 
Brigade.  Many  of  the  people  had  submitted  and 
taken  paroles,  but  they  declined  to  imbrue  their 
hands  in  the  blood  of  their  countryment  and  joined 
Marion's  men. 


100 


SHARP  WITTICISM  OF  THE  REBEL  WOMEN 

The  repartee  of  the  Whig  ladies  was  ofttimes 
very  good.  Among  the  many,  one  is  told  of  Mrs. 
Charles  Elliott,  a  very  brilliant  and  patriotic  wo- 
man. As  a  very  handsome  French  officer,  a 
prisoner,  was  passing  her  house,  a  British  major 
who  was  with  her,  pointing  him  out,  said,  "See, 
Mrs.  Elliott,  one  of  your  illustrious  allies — what  a 
pity  it  is  that  the  hero  has  lost  his  sword."  "Had 
two  thousand  such  men,"  replied  the  lady,  "been 
present  to  aid  in  the  defence  of  our  City,  I  should 
not  have  been  subjected  to  the  malignity  of  your 
observation."  At  the  moment  a  negro,  trigged  out 
in  full  British  uniform,  passed.  "See,  Major," 
continued  she,  "one  of  your  allies — bow  with  grat- 
itude for  the  service  rendered  by  such  honorable 
associates — caress  and  cherish  them  —the  fraternity 
is  excellent,  and  will  teach  us  more  steadily  to  con- 
tend against  the  results." 

And  the  following  are  witty  and  expressive. 
The  haughty  Tarleton,  vaunting  his  feats  of  gal- 
lantry to  the  great  disparagement  of  the  officers  of 
the  Continental  cavalry,  said  to  a  lady,  "I  have  a 
very  earnest  desire  to  see  your  far  famed  hero, 
Col.  Washington."  "Your  wish,  Colonel,  might 
have  been  fully  gratified,"  she  replied,  "had  you 
ventured  to  look  behind  you  after  the  Battle  of 
Cowpens."  It  was  in  this  battle  that  Washington 
had  wounded  Tarleton  in  the  hand,  which  gave 
rise  to  a  still  more  pointed  retort.  Conversing 
with   Mrs.   Willy  Jones,    Col.    Tarleton   observed, 

101 


"You  appear  to  think  very  highly  of  Col.  Washing- 
ton, and  yet  I  have  been  told  that  he  is  so  ignorant 
a  fellow  that  he  can  hardly  write  his  own  name." 
"It  may  be  the  case,"  she  readily  replied,  "but  no 
man  better  than  yourself,  Colonel,  can  testify  that 
he  knows  how  to  make  his  mark." 

An  officer  distinguished  for  his  inhumanity  and 
oppression,  meeting  Mrs.  Charles  Elliott  in  a  gar- 
den adorned  with  a  great  variety  of  flowers,  asked 
the  name  of  the  camomile,  which  appeared  to  flour- 
ish with  great  luxuriance.  "The  rebel  flower," 
she  replied."  "Why  was  that  name  given  to  it?" 
said  the  officer.  "Because,"  replied  the  lady,  "it 
thrives  most  when  most  trampled  upon." 


MRS.  HEYWARD  WOULD  NOT  ILLUMINATE 

The  women  I  God  bless  them !  To  the  patriot- 
ism of  the  women  of  Carolina  is  largely  due  the 
freedom  of  our  country.  Under  the  accumulated 
evils  which  bore  down  on  the  Patriots,  that  manly 
spirit  which  alone  could  secure  success  would  have 
sunk  but  for  the  cheering  smile  and  intrepid  firm- 
ness of  the  fair  sex.  Many  instances  of  their  devo- 
tion exists  and  space  alone  prevents  their  more  gen- 
eral introduction.  In  another  place  reference  is 
made  to  the  patriotism  of  Rebecca  Motte.  The 
following  as  to  the  firmness  of  Mrs.  Thomas  Hey- 
ward  is  given : 

An  order  was  issued  during  the  British  occupa- 
tion of  Charlestown  for  a  general  illumination  to 
celebrate  the  supposed  victory  at  Guilford.       The 

102 


front  of  the  house  occupied  by  Mrs.  Hey  ward  and 
her  sister  was  dark  as  erebus.  A  British  officer 
forced  his  way  into  her  presence  and  sternly  de- 
manded, "How  dare  you  disobey  the  order  and 
not  illuminate  your  house?"  "Is  it  possible  for 
me,  sir,"  calmly  replied  the  lady,  "to  feel  a  spark  of 
joy?  Can  I  celebrate  the  victory  of  your  army, 
while  my  husband  remains  a  prisoner  at  St.  Augus- 
tine?" "That,"  rejoined  the  officer,  "is  a  matter  of 
little  consequence.  The  last  hopes  of  rebellion  are 
crushed  by  the  defeat  of  Greene.  You  shall  illumin- 
ate." "Not  a  single  light,"  said  the  lady,  "shall  be 
placed  with  my  consent  in  any  window  in  the  house." 
"Then,  madam.  I  will  return  with  a  party  and  level 
it  to  the  ground."  "You  have  power  to  destroy, 
but  over  my  opinions  you  possess  no  control.  I 
disregard   your  menaces.     I   will   not    illuminate." 


FIDELITY  OF  A  BRITISH  CORPORAL 

Once  Lord  Rawdon  had  to  send  an  express  of 
great  importance  through  a  country  filled  with  the 
Patriot  troops.  Corporal  O'Leary  of  the  17th 
Dragoons,  known  for  his  courage  and  intelligence, 
was  selected  to  escort  it.  They  had  not  proceeded 
far  when  they  were  fired  on,  the  express  killed  and 
the  Corporal  wounded  in  the  side.  He  snatched 
the  despatch  from  the  dying  man  and  rode  on  un- 
til, from  loss  of  blood,  he  fell,  when,  fearing  the 
despatch  would  be  taken  by  the  enemy,  he  thrust 
it  into  his  wound  until  the  wound  closed  over  it 
and  concealed  it.     He  was  found  next  day  by  a 

103 


British  patrol  with  life  just  sufficient  to  point  to 
the  fatal  depository  of  his  secret.  In  searching 
the  body  the  cause  of  his  death  was  found.  The 
surgeon  declared  the  wound  itself  was  not  mortal, 
but  was  rendered  so  by  the  irritation  of  the  paper. 


THE  CHARLESTON  LIBRARY 

The  Charleston  Library  Society  was  the  earliest 
association  of  its  kind  in  Charlestown,  and  the 
third  in  the  United  States.  It  was  organized  in 
1748  by  seventeen  young  gentlemen,  who  desired 
to  obtain  some  of  the  current  literature  from  Eng- 
land. They  soon  associated  others  with  them,  and, 
after  some  difficulties,  a  charter  was  obtained  in 
1754,  under  the  name  of  Charles  Town  Library 
Society.  It  increased  in  number  and  wealth,  and 
in  spite  of  the  heavy  loss  sustained  by  the  fire  of 
1778,  acquired  an  extremely  valuable  collection  of 
books^^. 

The  number  of  volumes  in  the  library  is,  in  191 5, 
forty-eight  thousand,  and  the  Society  is  in  a  flour- 
ishing condition.  During  the  War  of  1861-65,  the 
greater  part  of  the  books,  including  the  most  valu- 
able works,  was  removed  to  Columbia  for  safety, 
but  a  considerable  number  were  left  in  the  building 
and  were  entirely  destroyed.  After  the  war  the 
Society  was  reorganized,  and,  in  1874,  Apprentices' 
Library  Society  was  merged  in  it,  bringing  a  large 
accession  of  members  and  some  funds. 


5801d   site  northwest   corner  Broad  and   Church   Streets. 

104 


In  February,  1900,  the  South  Carohna  Jockey 
Club,  an  association  of  equal  age  with  the  Library 
Society,  determined  to  dissolve,  transferred  the 
whole  of  its  valuable  property  to  the  Society,  mak- 
ing an  endowment  which  secures  the  future  of  the 
Library.  The  old  building  on  Broad  Street  was 
abandoned  and  the  Library  removed  to  a  new, 
handsome  marble  building  on  King  Street,  near 
Queen,  which  has  modern  library  equipments'^. 

The  collection  of  books  in  the  Library  is  of  al- 
most priceless  value;  besides  many  rare  volumes 
scarcely  found  in  even  the  great  libraries  of  the 
country,  illustrated  works  and  fine  editions  of  the 
English  and  French  classics,  there  are  files  of  news- 
papers from  1732,  pamphlets  and  works  of  local 
history  which  make  the  collection  a  mine  of  histori- 
cal value  and  interest. 


THE   EXCHANGE,    CHARLESTOWN,    NOW   KNOWN    AS 
THE  OLD  POST  OFFICE 

At  the  east  end  or  foot  of  Broad  Street,  on  the 
east  side  of  East  Bay,  stood  from  1680  the  old 
Court  of  Guards'^.  In  1761  an  Act  of  Assembly 
was  passed  for  the  erection  on  this  site  of  an  Ex- 
change, the  contract  for  building  given  to  Messrs. 
Horlbeck,  and  the  cost  was  fixed  at  £44,016,  i6s., 
8d.,  gold.     Most  of  the  material  used  was  brought 


59New  building  Nos.   164-172  King  Street,  above  Queen, 

east   side. 
55East   side   of   East   Bay,  opposite   Broad   Street. 

105 


from  England.  When  completed  it  became  the 
general  business  mart  of  Charleston,  and  so  con- 
tinued for  many  years.  During  the  occupation  of 
the  City  by  the  British,  its  lower  floors  were  used 
as  a  prison,  and  in  one  of  the  rooms  in  the  base- 


Old  Exchange,  foot  of  Broad  Street, 
as    It    was   during    Revolutionary    period. 

ment  Col.   Isaac  Hayne  was  confined,  and  thence 
taken  to  execution. 

The  front  was  originally  on  the  east  side,  and 
wings  extended  out  on  East  Bay,  but  as  these  ob- 
structed the  street,  they  were  taken  down  and  the 
front  changed  to  the  western  side.     More  recently,- 

106 


the  roof  being  out  of  repair,  the  cupola  and  some 
of  the  ornamental  work  were  removed,  but  the 
building  still  presents  an  imposing  appearance,  and 
its  historic  associations  make  it  an  object  of  much 
interest.  On  December  14,  1899,  the  117th  anni- 
versary of  the  evacuation  of  Charleston  by  the 
British,  the  Society  of  the  Sons  of  the  Revolution 
placed  a  bronze  plate  on  the  western  wall  recording 
the  historical  incidents  of  the  location. 

The  building  has  been  granted  by  the  Govern- 
ment to  the  Daughters  of  the  American  Revolution 
of  South  Carolina,  the  local  chapter,  the  Rebecca 
Motte,  to  have  special  charge.  Possession  will  be 
given  when  the  new  quarters  for  the  light  house 
station  are  complete.  It  will  be  kept  by  the  D.  A. 
R.  as  a  memorial  of  the  past. 


ONE  OF  THE  SWAMP  HOMES  OF  THE  PARTISANS 

Big  Island,  about  five  acres  in  extent,  in  Cy- 
press Swamps  \  was  the  camping  place  of  Marion's 
men,  when  operating  in  the  vicinity  of  Dorchester. 
This  swamp  is  the  headwaters  of  the  Ashley  River. 
It  possesses  historic  interest  only  as  the  home  of 
the  Partisans.  No  battle  was  ever  fought  here. 
Its  approach  was  so  intricate  that,  although  in  close 


siCypress  Swamp  is  about  five  miles  from  Summerville. 
Big  Island  is  not  accessible  by  vehicles,  nor  in  com- 
fort  in   any   manner. 

107 


proximity  to  the  British  post  at  Dorchester,  the 
Royal  troops  never  dared  to  enter  the  swamp  and 
dispossess  the  Americans. 


THE  FAMOUS  LIBERTY  TREE 

Before  the  actual  outbreak  of  the  Revolution, 
and  while  the  patriotic  sentiment  was  crystalizing, 
the  more  ardent  of  the  Patriots  held  conferences 
under  the  spreading  branches  of  a  noble  live  oak. 
This  tree  stood  in  Mr.  Mazyck's  pasture,  now  the 
square  bounded  by  Charlotte,  Washington,  Calhoun 
and  Alexander  Streets.  It  was  subsequently  known 
as  the  "Liberty  Tree."  It  was  a  place  of  social 
and  political  gatherings  and  much  was  done  under 
its  branches  to  further  the  cause  of  American  inde- 
pendence^^. 

A  meeting  of  Patriots  was  held  under  this  tree 
in  the  fall  of  1776.  The  list  of  those  attending 
this  meeting  is  given  in  McCrady's  History  of 
South  Carolina  under  the  Royal  Government,  page 
590.  At  this  meeting  Christopher  Gadsden  im- 
pressed upon  the  Patriots  assembled  that  the  repeal 
of  the  Stamp  Act  and  the  temis  thereof  did  not 
show  that  Great  Britain  relinquished  her  designs 
against  the  Colony,  and  urged  them  to  continued 
resistance.  The  address  was  received  with  pro- 
found attention,  and  with  linked  hands,  the  whole 
party  pledged  themselves  to  resist — a  pledge  that 
was  fully  redeemed  when  the  hour  of  trial  arrived. 


62Stood   on    lot    No.   22  Alexander   Street,    Charleston. 

108 


When  Charlestown  was  captured  its  name  and 
associations  rendered  the  Liberty  Tree  an  object 
of  hatred  to  the  British,  it  was  cut  down  and 
burned,  the  low  blackened  stump  was  all  that  re- 
mained of  this  historic  tree. 


COL.  SAMUEL  WARREN'S  "LEG"-ACY 

Colonel  Samuel  Warren,  of  St.  James,  San- 
tee,  had  some  English  aunts,  loyal  and  devoted  to 
their  King.  When  they  learned  that  their  nephew 
had  decided  to  join  the  Patriots  and  fight  for  the 
liberty  of  his  country,  they  were  bitter  and  un- 
christian enough  to  send  him  word  that  they  hoped 
that  he  would  lose  a  leg  or  an  arm.  At  the  siege 
of  Savannah  he  lost  a  leg.  So  he  dutifully  deter- 
mined to  let  them  have  a  visible  evidence  that  their 
wish  had  been  realized,  and  he  had  his  leg,  carefully 
preserved  in  alcohol,  sent  to  the  loyal  ladies. 


CAPTURE  OF  WILLIAM  SAUNDERS 

William  Saunders,  a  grandson  of  the  pioneer 
settler,  was  one  of  Marion's  men.  On  one  occa- 
sion, having  been  given  a  furlough  that  he  might 
visit  his  family,  he  was  captured  by  a  party  of 
British  soldiers  near  Rafting  Creek.  He  feigned 
illness,  hoping  that  they  would  pass  him  by  and 
not  make  him  a  prisoner,  but  the  wily  British  said 
that  he  was  undoubtedly  very  sick  and  that  bleed- 
ing was  necessary,  and  at  once  proceeded,  as  they 

109 


thought,  to  bleed  him  to  death,  leaving  him  sup- 
posedly in  a  dying  condition.  They  then  went  on 
their  way,  but  he  recovered  and  lived  to  fight  again. 


BETHEL  METHODIST  EPISCOPAL  CHURCH 

The  Methodist  Church  was  organized  in  Amer- 
ica in  1784,  and  at  once  took  root  in  Charlestown. 
A  wooden  building  was  erected  on  the  site,  corner 
of  Pitt  and  Calhoun  Streets,  and  in  this  building 
the  sainted  Wesley  preached  when  he  visited 
Charlestown.  The  present  brick  edifice^^  was 
erected  and  dedicated  in  1853,  and  the  old  building 
moved  to  the  rear  of  the  lot  and  faced  on  Calhoun 
Street.  It  was  used  as  a  Sunday  school  building. 
Subsequently  a  new  wooden  Sunday  school  building 
was  erected,  and  the  old  historic  church  building 
was  moved  across  to  the  north  side  of  Calhoun 
Street,  and  is  now  used  by  a  congregation  of  col- 
ored Methodists^^. 

This  old  wooden  building  is  one  of  the  oldest 
church  buildings  in  the  City,  and  is  historically 
memorable  as  that  in  which  Wesley  ministered. 

A  very  handsome  brick  Sunday  school  building 
has  very  recently  replaced  the  wooden  building. 
With  great  wisdom  the  Methodist  Church,  and  this 
one  in  particular,  has  fostered  its  Sunday  school, 
as  a  prolific  breeding  place  of  Christians. 


65Brick  Church  building  corner  Pitt  and  Calhoun  Streets, 

Charleston. 
66  Old  wooden  chiircli,  No.  222  Calhoun  Street,  north  side. 

110 


GABRIEL  MANIGAULT  AND  HIS  GRANDSON 
OFFER  THEIR  SERVICES 

The  devotion  of  the  Patriots  and  their  loyalty 
to  the  cause  of  liberty  is  well  shown  by  the  follow- 
ing story:  Gabriel  Manigault,  a  Huguenot,  was 
the  richest  merchant  in  Carolina  during  the  Colo- 
nial period.  At  the  time  of  the  Revolution,  he 
was  far  beyond  the  age  of  military  service,  but  his 
pecuniary  aid  was  not  wanting  and  he  contributed 
largely,  out  of  his  great  fortune,  to  the  Patriots' 
cause.  When  the  British  appeared  before  Charles- 
town  in  May,  1779,  though  Mr.  Manigault  was 
past  seventy-five  years  of  age,  he  determined  that 
the  place  of  his  birth  should  not  fall  without  some 
exertion,  however  feeble,  on  his  part.  His  son 
having  died,  his  grandson,  Joseph  Manigault.  then 
only  fifteen  years  of  age,  was  in  his  charge. 
Equipping  himself  and  his  grandson  as  soldiers, 
he  took  the  boy  by  his  hand  to  the  lines  in  t^he 
face  of  the  enemy,  from  whom  an  attack  was  im- 
pending, and  offered  the  services  of  his  grandson 
and  himself  in  the  defence  of  the  City. 


GALLANT  RASHNESS  OF  COLONEL  JOHN  LAURENS 

Of  Colonel  John  Laurens,  one  of  South  Caro- 
lina's most  distinguislhed  and  heroic  patriots,  it  has 
been  said  that  his  gallantry  in  action  was  highly 
characteristic  of  his  love  of  fame.  The  post  of 
danger  was  his  favorite  station.  Some,  even,  with 
much  truth,  style  his  intrepidity  the  height  of  rash- 
ness.    Let  one  instance  suffice : 

111 


Captain  O'Neal  of  Lee's  Legion  had  been  ordered 
to  cross  the  Ashley  River  with  a  troop  of  cavalry 
and  company  of  infantry,  but  properly  waited  for 
a  boat  he  had  sent  for.  Col.  Laurens  rode  up  and 
demanded  with  warmth,  "Why  this  halt.  Captain? 
Were  not  orders  given  to  cross?"  "Yes,  Colonel, 
but  look  to  the  current  and  judge  if  it  be  practi- 
cable." "This  is  no  time  for  argument,"  rejoined 
Laurens,  "you  who  are  brave  men  follow  me."  He 
plunged  into  the  river,  was  overwhelmed  by  the 
current  and  with  great  difficulty  reached  shore. 
O'Neal,  than  whom  no  braver  man  lived,  indignant 
at  the  speech  of  Laurens,  replied,  "You  shall  see, 
sir,  that  there  are  men  here  as  brave  as  yourself," 
and  at  the  head  of  his  troop,  dashed  into  the  river. 
The  scene  that  followed  justified  Capt.  O'Neal's 
prudence.  All  was  tumult  and  confusion.  No  life 
was  lost,  several  were  nearly  drowned,  and  all  were 
so  much  exhausted  that  a  temporary  halt  was  nec- 


HOW  PATRICK  CALHOUN  ADVOCATED  POPULAR 
SUFFRAGE 

Patrick  Calhoun  was  the  father  of  Carolina's 
mosc  eminent  statesman,  John  C.  Calhoun.  Soon 
after  the  Revolution,  when  a  revision  was  being 
made  of  the  laws,  among  them  that  referring  to 
suffrage,  there  was  a  party  in  favor  of  restricting 
suffrage  to  those  with  property  qualifications.  This 
aroused  the  patriotic  and  democratic  feeling  of  old 
Patrick  Calhoun,  and  he  determined  not  to  submit 

112 


to  such  an  aristocratic  measure,  and  to  defend  the 
right  of  suffrage  at  all  hazards.  Failing  to  con- 
vince, by  argument,  his  opponents,  he  shouldered 
his  rifle,  rallied  his  neightbors,  who  also  armed 
themselves,  and  placing  old  Patrick  at  their  head. 


Patrick  Calhoun  and  His  Friends  Going  to  the  Polls. 
(Copy  of  an  old  engraving) 

they  marched  to  the  polls,  within  twenty-three 
miles  of  Charlestown,  and  compelled  a  change  of 
the  voting.  This  made  old  Patrick  so  popular  that 
he  was  elected  a  member  of  the  State  Legislature, 
in  which  he  continued  for  many  years. 


RIVERS,  ON  THE  EARLY  HUGUENOT  SETTLEMENT 

Writing  of  the  early  Huguenot  settlement  and 
immigration,  the  historian  Rivers  says : 

"The  nobility  and  wealthier  portion  of  the  refu- 
gees"   (from  France,  after  the  revocation  of  the 

113 


Edict  of  Nantz)  "remained  nearer  their  old  homes, 
in  England  and  on  the  Continent.  Those  who 
ventured  to  America  were  generally  tradesmen, 
agriculturalists,  and  merchants.  Merchants,  gold- 
smiths, watchmakers,  shipwrights,  block  makers, 
sail  makers,  coopers,  weavers,  leather  dressers, 
gardeners,  apothecaries,  gunsmiths,  wheelwrights 
and  other  artisans  found  a  home  and  employment 
in  Charles  Town;  while  about  seventy  families  set- 
tled in  Craven  County,  on  the  Santee  (and  some 
on  Cooper  River  and  at  Goose  Creek),  and  indus- 
triously set  to  work  in  clearing  and  cultivating  the 
ground.  Their  coming  was  a  happy  event.  The 
Colony  needed  such  men.  Sobriety  and  earnest 
labor  brought  to  the  destitute  exile,  competence  and 
accumulating  comforts.  Such  as  had  been  able  to 
fetch  money  with  them  and  had  purchased  lands 
and  slaves,  soon  saw  themselvesi  surrounded  by 
the  teeming  plenty  of  fertile  plantations." 

"Governor  Sothell  had  the  wisdom  to  see  the 
usefulness  and  noble  character  of  these  immigrants 
and  as  soon  as  he  had  power,  all  French  and  Swiss 
Protestants  were,  by  law,  constituted  as  free  bom 
in  the  Colony  and  of  equal  rights  with  the  other 
settlers." 

The  action  of  Governor  Sothell  did  not,  how- 
ever, meet  the  approval  of  the  Lords  Proprietors, 
which  action  alone  showed  their  total  inefficiency 
for  the  high  trust  they  held. 


114 


CUPID  RESPECTS  NOT  POLITICAL  DIFFERENCES 

During  the  British  occupation  of  Charlestown, 
a  very  large  part  of  the  population  just  had  to  re- 
main in  their  homes  in  the  City.  Social  life  went 
on  measurably  as  usual.  Friendships,  enmities, 
companionship,  love  and  hate,  took  their  usual 
courses.  British  tyranny  could  not  quiet  the  tongues 


John    Teasdale    House,     Bast    Bay. 

of  the  fair  ones.  In  fact,  they  must  have  been  al- 
lowed by  their  enemies  a  certain  amount  of  free- 
dom of  language.  Perhaps  it  is  just  to  acknowl- 
edge the  endurance  of  the  British,  of  the  witty, 
fearless,  patriotic  words  of  Mrs.  Brewton.     How- 

115 


ever,  she  was  so  outspoken  they  finally  exiled  her 
to  Philadelphia. 

There  must  have  been  a  certain  amount  of  social 
intercourse  between  those  of  differing  political  sen- 
timents. Some  of  the  British  officers  found  brides 
among  the  loyalist  women,  and  some  of  the  loyal 
British  subjects  were  married  to  the  most  patriotic 
girls.  The  union  of  Mr.  John  Teasdale  and  Miss 
Mary  Verree  was  an  instance  of  the  latter. 

Joseph  Verree  was  one  of  the  earliest  and  most 
devoted  patriots,  having  been  a  member  of  the 
First  Provincial  Congress.  His  daughter,  Mary, 
who  certainly  must  have  imbibed  his  patriotism, 
fell  captive  to  the  charms  of  Mr.  John  Teasdale, 
then  a  merchant  in  Charlestown,  and  a  British  sub- 
ject. Mr.  Teasdale  left  with  the  British  when  they 
evacuated  the  City,  but  his  attachment  to  Miss 
Verree  forced  him  back  after  peace  was  established 
and  he  came  and  married  her.  He  built  a  home 
for  his  bride  on  East  Bay^^,  near  Water  Street. 
While  a  few  bales  of  Cotton  Wool,  had  been 
sporadically  shipped,  even  as  early  as  1758,  yet 
John  Teasdale  was  the  merchant  who  opened  up 
the  Cotton  trade,  as  his  first  shipment  of  eight 
bales  from  America  was  continuously  followed  by 
himself  and  others,  without  a  break,  and  thus  es- 
tablished a  business  which  has  gradually  grown  to 
as  many  million  bales.  (The  Author  is  the  great 
grandson  of  this  couple.) 


67  Teasdale  residence,  No.  43  East  Bay. 

116 


SIXTY-SIX   BATTLES   AND    ENGAGEMENTS   WHICH 

TOOK  PLACE  DURING  THE  REVOLUTION 

IN  LOWER  CAROLINA; 

that  portion  of  the  State  of  South  Carolina  lying 
between  the  falls  of  the  rivers  and  the  sea  coast; 
with  their  location  as  far  as  possible,  by  their  pres- 
ent designations.  Information  from  McCrady's 
History  of  South  Carolina. 

Naval  Battle  in  Charlestown  Harbor,  Nov.  11th  and  12tli,  1775. 

^^Charlestown  Harbor,  between  Fort  Johnson 
and  Shute's  Folly  Island. 

American  schooner  Defence,  Capt.  Simon  Tufts; 
British  vessels  Tamar  and  Cherokee,  Capt.  Thorn- 
brough.     No  casualties.     Americans  succeed. 

Battle  of  Fort  Moultrie,  June  28th,  1776. 

^^ Sullivan's  Island,  and  also  east  end  of  island. 

Americans  in  fort  435,  commanded  by  Col.  Wm. 
Moultrie.  At  east  end  of  island  780,  commanded 
by  Col.  Wm.  Thomson.  At  other  points  around 
the  harbor,  but  not  engaged,  5,307,  whole  command- 
ed by  Gen.  Chas.  Lee.  British  on  Long  Island, 
commanded  by  Clinton,  2,800.  Fleet,  11  vessels, 
carrying  270  guns,  commanded  by  Admiral  Sir 
Peter  Parker.  Loss:  Americans,  96;  British,  200. 
First  complete  American  victory. 

Battle  of  Beaufort,  Febniary  12th,  1779. 

''^Port  Royal  Island. 

Americans   300,   under   Col.    Moultrie.     British 

117 


200,   under   Maj.    Gardiner.     American    loss,    30. 
American  victory. 

Battle  of  Coosawhatchie,  May  3rd,  1779. 

^^Near  town  of  Pocotaligo. 

Small  rear  guard  action,  350  men  under  Col. 
John  Laurens.  Loss  20.  British  advancing  under 
Prevost.     Details  wanting. 

Battle  of  Charlestown,  May  11th,  to  13th,  1779. 

^^Crossing  at  Bee's  Ferry,  the  British  moved 
down  the  neck,  and  fighting  took  place  outside  of 
lines,  say  north  of  Calhoun  Street. 

Americans  2,500,  under  Gen.  Moultrie.  British 
2,400  men,  under  Gen.  Prevost.  Losses:  Ameri- 
can, 42 ;  British,  45.     British  retire,  defeated. 

Battle  of  Stono,  June  20th,  1779. 

^''At  Stono  Ferry  to  John's  Island, 

Americans  1,000,  under  Lincoln.  British  500, 
under  Col.  Maitland.  Losses :  Americans,  165 ; 
British,  129.  One  of  the  hardest  fought  battles  of 
the  war.     British  victory. 

Battle  of  Matthews  Plantation,  June  1779. 

■^^On  Stono  River. 

Details  missing,  but  most  of  the  Beaufort  Com- 
pany were  killed  or  wounded. 

Capture  of  British  Vessels,  June,  1779. 

'^Off  mouth  of  Stono  River. 
Captains  Hall,  Tryon  and  Anthony,  and  others, 
118 


put  to  sea  and  attacked  seven  British  vessels,  cap- 
turing two  and  destroying  one. 

Galley  Fight  on  Stono  River,  June,  1779. 

'^Stono  River,  near  Wappoo  Creek. 
Galleys  under  Captain  Pyrne  attack  British,  and 
make  some  captures.     American  loss.  6  men. 

American  Schooner,    Rattlesnake,   Resists  Attack,    June  1779 

"^^In  Stono  River. 

British  force,  6o.  Attack  repulsed  with  greater 
part  of  men  lost. 

Engagement  at  Salkehatchie,  March  18th,  1780. 

^^Salkehatchie. 

Americans  50,  under  Lieut.  Ladson,  attacked 
British,  and  were  all  killed,  wounded  or  captured. 

Battle  of  Pon-Pon,  March  20th,  1780. 

'^^Pon-Pon,  in  Colleton  County. 
Americans,  under  Col.   Wm.   Washington,  meet 
British  under  Tarleton.     Loss:  American,  14. 

Battle  of  Rantowles,  March  27th,  1780. 

^^Gov.  Rutledge's  plantation,  between  Rantowles 
Bridge  and  Ashley  Ferry. 

Americans,  under  Col.  Wm.  Washington;  Brit- 
ish, under  Tarleton.  Forces  and  losses  unknown. 
Americans  victorious. 

119 


Battle  of  Monck's  Comer,  April  12th,  1780. 

■'^Monck's  Corner,  near  Biggin  Bridge,  on 
Cooper  River. 

Americans  lOO,  under  Gen.  Huger;  British  150, 
under  Col  Tarleton.  Losses:  American,  33;  Brit- 
ish, 2.     British  victory. 

Siege  of  Charlestown,  March-May,  1780. 

■^^In  front  of  and  before  the  City. 

Americans  5,941,  under  Gen.  Lincoln.  British 
Army  13,000,  under  Gen.  Clinton,  and  navy  under 
Admiral  Arbuthnot.  Losses,  killed  and  wounded : 
Americans,  258;  British,  287.  City  captured  and 
garrison  prisoners. 

Battle  of  Lenud's  Ferry,  May  18th,  1780. 

^^Lenud's  Ferry,  on  southern  bank  of  Santee 
River. 

Americans  300,  under  Col.  White.  British  150, 
under  Col.  Tarleton.  Losses :  American,  35  ;  Brit- 
ish, 2.     Americans  dispersed. 

Capture  at  Hunt's  Bluff,  August  1st,  1780. 

''On  Pee  Dee  River,  about  twenty-five  miles  be- 
low Cheraw,  on  East  bank. 

Americans,  under  Thomas.  British,  100,  under 
Col.  Mills.  Entire  British  force  and  vessels  cap- 
tured. 

Battle  of  Wateree,  August  15th,  1780. 

®°Camden  Ferry  across  Wateree,  at  Carey's  Fort, 
on  west  bank. 

120 


Americans  700,  under  Gen.  Sumter.  British, 
under  Col.  Carey.     Tories  completely  routed. 

Battle  of  Camden,  August  16th,  1780. 

*^Eight  miles  north  of  Camden,  and  one  mile 
north  of  Gum  Swamp,  or  Saunders  Creek. 

Americans  3,500,  under  Gen.  Gates.  British 
2,339,  under  Lord  Cornwallis.  Losses:  American, 
2,070;  British,  336.     British  victory. 

Engagement  at  Nelson's  Ferry. 

^2  Nelson's  Ferry,  Santee  River. 
Small  affair  of  Marion's. 

Engagement  at  Kings-Tree,  August  27th,  1780. 

*'Near  present  town  of  Kingstree. 

Marion's  men  under  Maj.  James  dashed  on  rear 
of  Wemyss'  British  Column,  and  made  some  cap- 
tures. 

Battle  of  Black  Mingo,  September  14th,  1780. 

"Shepherd's  Ferry,  on  the  south  side  of  Black 
Mingo. 

Americans  150,  under  Gen.  Marion.  Tories, 
under  Capt.  Ball.  Losses:  Americans,  50;  British, 
60.     American  attack  failed. 

Battle  of  Tarcote  Swamp,  September,  1780. 

®'In  the  fork  of  Black  River. 

Americans  400,  under  Marion.  Tories,  under 
Col.  Tynes.  Losses:  American,  none;  British,  26. 
American  victory. 

121 


De  Peyster's  Capture,  January  19th,  1781. 

^^Postell's  Plantation,  on  the  Pee  Dee,  near 
mouth  of  Black  River. 

Americans  28,  under  Capt.  John  Postell.  Brit- 
ish 29,  under  Capt.  James  DePeyster.  Total  cap- 
ture of  British. 

Engagement  at  White's  Bridge,  January,  1781. 

®^0n  Sampit  Road,  about  two  miles  from  George- 
town. 

Americans,  under  Col.  Peter  Horry,  attack  Brit- 
ish and  Tories,  under  Col.  Gainey,  and  drove  them 
into  Georgetown.  Numbers  and  loss  unknown, 
but  heavy  on  the  part  of  the  British. 

Attack  on  Georgetown,  January  24th,  1781. 

^'^Town  of  Georgetown. 

Americans,  under  Marion  and  Lee.  British, 
under  Col.  Campbell.  Numbers  and  losses  missing. 
Partisans  entered  the  town,  captured  some  officers 
and  men,  and  then  were  forced  to  leave. 

Engagement  at  Wadboo  Bridge,  January  24th,  1781. 

^^Bridge  crosses  Fair  Forest  Swamp,  about  one 
and  a  half  miles  south  of  Biggin  Church,  near 
western  branch  of  Cooper  River. 

Americans,  under  Capt.  John  Postell,  captured 
British  supplies.     Forces  and  losses  unknown. 

Engagement  at  Monck's  Corner,  June  24th,  1781. 

^^Keithfield  Plantation,  near  Monck's  Corner. 
Col.  James  Postell  and  party  of  Partisans,  raid 
122 


on  British  at  Manigault's  Ferry  and  Monck's  Cor- 
ner, capturing  supplies.  Numbers  and  losses  un- 
known. 

Engagement  at  Singleton's  Mill,  February,  1781. 

'-"^Near  Halfway  Swamp,  about  twenty  miles 
from  Charlestown,  St.  Thomas'  Parish. 

Americans,  under  Marion,  attack  British,  under 
Maj.  McLeroth.  Numbers  and  losses  unknown. 
American  victory. 

Attack  on  Fort  Granby,  February  19th,  1781. 

^^On  west  bank  of  Congaree,  about  one  and  a 
half  miles  below  Columbia. 

Americans,  under  Sumter,  and  British,  under 
Maj.  Maxwell.  Numbers  and  losses  unknown. 
Fort  relieved  by  Lord  Rawdon. 

Battle  of  Thompson's  Plantation,  February  23rd,  1781. 

^2 About  thirty-five  miles  from  Granby,  in  Cal- 
houn County,  near  Fort  Motte. 

Americans  lOO,  Sumter.  British  8o.  Losses : 
American,  unknown;  British,  79.  American  vic- 
tory. 

Attack  on  Fort  Watson,  at  Wright's  Bluff,  February  27th,  1781 

45Wright's  Blufif,  east  bank  of  Santee,  near  Nel- 
son's Ferry. 

Americans,  under  Sumter,  repulsed. 

123 


Battle  of  Wiboo  Swamp,  March  6th,  1781. 

®* About  midway  between  Nelson's  and  Murray's 
Ferries,  on  Santee,  in  Clarendon  County. 

Americans  250,  under  Marion,  British  500, 
under  Col.  Watson.  Losses,  unknown.  British  dis- 
persed. 

Engagement  at  Mount  Hope,  Black  River,  March,  1781. 

®^In  Williamsburg  County. 

Americans,  under  Marion.  Tories,  under  Wat- 
son. Numbers  and  losses,  unknown.  Tories  dis- 
persed. 

Engagement  at  Sampit  Bridge,  March,  1781. 

^^In  Georgetown  County,  near  the  town. 
Americans,  under  Marion.     Tories,  under  Wat- 
son.    Numbers  and  losses,  unknown. 

Capture  of  Snow's  Island,  March,  1781. 

^^Marion's  Camp,  in  the  Pee  Dee  Swamp. 

Attack  by  Tories  under  Col.  Doyle  and,  in  Mar- 
ion's absence,  captured,  and  all  supplies  destroyed, 
driving  off  small  guard  left. 

Capture  of  Four  Holes,  April  7th,  1781. 

^''^In  Dorchester  County,  near  Southern  Railway 
station  of  Dorchester. 

Americans  100,  under  Col.  Wm.  Harden.  Brit- 
ish 26,  under  Barton.  Entire  British  force  killed, 
wounded  or  captured. 

124 


Engagement  at  Barton's  Post,  April  8th,  1781. 

^^Six  miles  from  Four  Holes  Swamp,  Colleton 
County. 

Americans,  under  Maj.  Cooper,  attack  British 
under  Barton,  and  capture  entire  party. 

Engagement  on  Pocotaligo  Road,  April  Sth,  1781. 

■^^Near  Pocotaligo. 

Americans,  under  Maj.  Cooper,  attack  British, 
under  Maj.  Fenwick,  with  91  men.  Loss:  Ameri- 
cans, 6;  British,  10.     Both  sides  retreated. 

Capture  of  Fort  Balfour,  April  13th,  1781. 

^^At  Pocotaligo. 

Americans,  under  Col.  Harden.  British  91, 
under  Maj.  Fenwick.  Losses:  Americans,  none; 
British,  entire  garrison.     Americans  capture   fort. 

Siege  of  Fort  Watson,  April  15th  to  23rd,  1781. 

^^Near  Wright's  Bluff,  on  Santee  River,  Claren- 
don County. 

Americans  380,  under  Gen.  Marion  and  Col.  Lee. 
British  120,  under  Lieut.  James  McKay.  Losses: 
American,  8;  British,  120.  Fort  captured  by 
Americans. 

Battle  of  Wiggins  HiU,  April,  1781. 

®°In  Barnwell  County,  below  Briar  Creek,  be- 
tween Coosawhatchie  and  Augusta. 

Americans,  under  Harden.  Tories  670,  under 
Col.  Browne.  Losses:  Americans,  19;  British,  un- 
known.    Americans  defeated. 

125 


Battle  of  Hobkirk's  Hill,  April  25th,  1781. 

^°^0n  the  outskirts  of  Camden. 

Americans  939,  under  Gen.  Greene.  British  900, 
under  Lord  Rawdon.  Losses:  Americans,  268; 
British,  258.     Americans  defeated. 

Capture  of  Orangeburg,  May  11th,  1781. 

^^^Town  of  Orangeburg. 

Americans  500,  under  Gen.  Sumter,  captured 
British,  100  men. 

Capture  of  Fort  Motte,  May  Uth,  1781. 

^^Near  present  town  of  Fort  Motte. 

Americans  380,  under  Gen.  Marion  and  Col. 
Lee,  capture  British,  150  men,  under  Lieut.  Mc- 
Pherson. 

Capture  of  Fort  Granby,  May  15th,  1781. 

^^Granby,  on  the  west  side  of  Congaree  River, 
about  one  and  a  half  miles  below  Columbia. 

Americans  300,  Gen.  Sumter  and  Col.  Lee,  cap- 
ture British,  150,  under  Maj.  Maxwell. 

Col.  Mydelton  Ambuscaded,  June,  1781. 

^•^^Lexington  County,  near  Congaree  River. 

Americans  150,  under  Col.  Mydelton,  ambus- 
caded by  British,  under  Major  Coffin.  American 
losses,  105.     Americans  defeated. 

126 


Attack  on  Partisans  at  Horse  Shoe,  July  8th,  1781. 

^"^In  Colleton  County,  near  Edisto  River. 

Americans  under  Col.  Hayne,  British  under  Maj. 
Fraser.  American  loss  15,  besides  Col.  Isaac 
Hayne  captured.     Americans  defeated. 

Attack  on  Quarter  House,  July  15th,  1781. 

^^■* About  five  miles  from  Charlestown,  on  the 
State  Road. 

Americans,  under  Col.  Wade  Hampton.  British, 
under  Lieut.  Waugh.     Americans  successful. 

Battle  of  Quinby  Bridge,  July,  1781. 

^•^^ Bridge  across  eastern  branch  of  Cooper  River, 
in  Berkeley  County,  near  Shubrick's  Plantation, 
about  twenty  miles  from  Charlestown. 

Americans  700,  under  Gen.  Sumter.  British  700, 
under  Col.  Coates.  Losses:  American,  60;  Brit- 
ish, 145.     American  attack  failed. 

Whigs  Dispersed  in  the  Fork  of  the  Edisto,  August,  1781. 

io6J7qj.j^  of  Edisto,  in  Orangeburg  County. 
Americans,  under  Rumph.     Tories,  under  Con- 
naway. 

British  Ambuscaded  at  Parker's  Ferry,  August  31st,  1781. 

^^'On  Edisto  River,  in  Colleton  County. 

Americans  200,  under  Gen.  Marion.  British,  un- 
der Fraser.  Heavy  British  loss,  exact  numbers  un- 
known. 

127 


Battle  of  Eutaw  Springs,  September  9th,  1781. 

^°*Near  present  town  of  Eutawville. 

Americans  2,098,  under  Gen.  Greene.  British 
2,300,  under  Col.  Stuart.  Losses:  American,  517; 
British,  664.     American  victory. 

Moore's  Surprise,  November,  1781. 

^"^Between  Orangeburgh  and  Rowe's  Plantation, 
two  miles  from  Orangeburgh. 

Americans,  number  unknown,  under  Maj.  Moore, 
surprised  by  500  Tories  under  Qen.  Cunningham, 
and  routed.     American  loss,   12. 

Captixre  of  Fair  Lawn,  November  27th,  1781. 

*^®0n  west  branch  of  Cooper  River,  near 
Monck's  Corner. 

Americans  380,  under  Cols.  Shelby  and  Maham. 
capture  garrison  of  80,  and  valuable  supplies. 

Col.  Richard  Hampton  Surprised,  November,  1781. 

^^^Town  of  Orangeburgh. 

Americans  under  Col.  Richard  Hampton  sur- 
prised by  Tories,  under  Col.  Wm.  Campbell,  and 
routed.     Numbers  and  losses,  unknown. 

Capture  of  Dorchester,  December  1st,  1781. 

^®Town  of  Old  Dorchester. 
Americans,  under  Col.  Wade  Hampton,  defeated 
British  reconnoitering  party,  and  capture  town. 

128 


Battle  of  Videau's  Bridge,  January  3rd,  1782. 

^^On  Brabant's  Plantation,  then  property  of  Rev, 
Robt.  Smith,  on  east  branch  Cooper  River,  near 
French  Quarter  Creek. 

Americans,  under  Col.  Richard  Richardson,  at- 
tacked by  350  British,  under  Maj.  Coffin.  Losses : 
Americans,  jj;  British,  2.     Americans  routed. 

Battle  of  Wambaw  Creek,  February  24th,  1782. 

"^Durant's  Plantation  and  Christ  Church  Road, 
St.  James,  Santee,  Parish. 

Americans,  under  Col.  McDonald.  British, 
under  Thompson.  Losses :  Americans,  44.  Amer- 
icans surprised  and  defeated. 

Battle  of  Tidyman's  Plantation,  February  25th,  1782. 

^^^Tidyman's  Plantation,  on  the  Santee  River, 
near  Wambaw  Bridge. 

Americans,  under  Marion.  British,  under  Col. 
Thompson.  Losses :  Americans,  32.  Americans 
defeated. 

Capture  of  British  Galley,  March  19th,  1782. 

*^^High  up  Ashley  River,  exact  location  un- 
known. 

Americans,  under  Capt.  Michael  Rudolph,  cap- 
ture galley.     British  loss,  32. 

Engagement  Near  Dorchester,  April  24th,  1782. 

'*Near  town  of  Dorchester. 
Americans,  under  O'Neal.     British,  under  Capt. 
Dawkins.     American  loss,  9.     Americans  defeated. 

129 


Tories  Dispersed  at  Dean  Swamp,  May,  1782. 

^^*Dean  Swamp,  branch  of  South  Edisto  River, 
Orangeburgh  County. 

Americans,  under  Captains  Watson  and  Butler, 
attack  troop  of  Tories,  and  disperse  the  same. 

Gainey  Surrenders  to  Marion  at  Bowling  Green,  June  8th,  1782. 

"^Marion   County. 

Americans,  under  Marion,  capture  500  Tories 
under  Col.  Gainey,  June  8th,  1782.  American 
loss,   I. 

Skirmish  at  Combahee,  August  25th,  1782. 

^^^Twelve  miles  below  the  Ferry,  on  the  north 
side  of  the  Combahee. 

Americans  60,  under  Col.  John  Laurens.  Brit- 
ish 140,  under  Brereton.  Losses:  American,  24; 
British,  7.     Post  captured  by  British. 

Engagement  of  Capers'  Scouts,  August,  1782. 

^^^  Berkeley  County. 

Americans  12,  under  Capt.  G.  S.  Capers.  Brit- 
ish 26.  Losses:  Americans,  2;  British,  26.  Brit- 
ish defeated. 


CHURCH  OF  ST.  ANDREW'S 

Among  the  relics  of  the  early  days  in  Carolina 
stands  the  Parish  Church  of  St.  Andrew's®'.  This 
Parish  was  laid  off  in  1706,  and  a  plain  brick  church 

63ls  on  the  Ashley  River  Road,  about  half  a  mile  below 
Bee's    Ferry,   where    Church    Creek   crosses   the   road. 

130 


built.  In  1723  this  was  added  to,  making  it  in 
the  form  of  a  cross,  forty  feet  long  and  fifty-two 
wide,  with  a  handsome  chancel  twelve  feet  deep 
and  twenty- four  feet  wide;  it  was  neatly  finished 
and  had  commodious  pews.  At  the  west  end  was 
a  gallery  originally  intended  for  those  who  had  no 
pews,  but  afterwards  appropriated  to  the  colored 


St.    Andrew's    Parish    Church. 

people.  At  the  east  end  was  a  large  window,  and 
another  on  each  side  of  the  communion  table.  This 
church  was  destroyed  by  fire  and  rebuilt  in  1764, 
and  now  remains  one  of  the  few  which  have  es- 
caped the  vicissitudes  of  two  revolutions. 


GENERAL  SUMTER'S  HOME  IN  THE  HIGH  HILLS  OF 

SANTEE 

General   Thomas    Sumter,    of    Revolutionary 
fame,  made  his  home  amidst  the  High   Hills  of 

131 


Santee.  When  sore  pressed  by  the  British,  Gen- 
eral Sumter  would  take  refuge  in  the  dense  swamps 
of  the  Wateree ;  here  he  and  his  men  at  times  regu- 
larly camped.  The  days  were  long  and  the  meals 
were  often  scant  in  this  modest  retreat,  so  when 
the  opportunity  presented,  they  all  came  out  to  the 
hills  for  food.  Mrs.  Sumter  was  quite  accustomed 
to  having  a  hearty  dinner  prepared  in  the  dead  of 
night  for  this  band  of  Patriots.  One  night  the 
feast  had  just  been  placed  before  them,  when  the 
watchman  cried  out,  "The  British  are  coming!" 
In  mad  haste  they  rushed  away.  General  Sumter 
seized  a  large  ham  and  carried  it  safely  to  the 
depths  of  the  swamp;  there  he  finished  his  repast 
under  the  shining  stars.  When  General  Sumter's 
residence  was  destroyed  by  Tarleton's  men,  Mrs. 
Sumter  took  refuge  at  "Hill  Crest"*^^,  the  home  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Thomas  Hooper.  This  house  still 
stands  upon  a  commanding  hill,  the  lawn  slopes 
gently  down  to  the  old  coach  road,  which  had  been 
blazed  out  by  William  Saunders,  the  pioneer. 
Tales  of  hospitality,  romance  and  war,  are  natural 
possessions  of  this  ancient  homestead. 

"When  the  tale  of  these  High  Hills  of  Santee 
is  told  it  will  be  no  history  of  dreams,  but  of  men 
who  helped  to  make  a  nation.  Their  inspirations 
were  not  bounded  by  the  lofty  forests.  Nor  their 
strength  measured  by  the  mighty  hills.  Infinite 
possibilities  of  successful  achievements,  wrought  by 


68Hill  Crest,  near  Sumter,  S.  C,  R.   F.  D.  No.  3. 

132 


patient  courage,  have  come  down  to  us  a  precious 
heritage.  And  so  we  have  to  climb  the  heights 
ere  we  reach  our  treasurehouse  of  memories." 


A  SURGEON  AS  A  DESPATCH  CARRIER 

The  ride  of  Dr.  William  Reed,  carrying  the 
most  important  information  to  General  Greene, 
bears  high  testimony  to  his  endurance  and  patriotic 
devotion.  It  was  not  the  duty  of  a  surgeon  to  be 
a  bearer  of  despatches,  but  the  importance  of  the 
news  carried  by  Dr.  Reed  justified  and  made  most 
valuable,  this  distinguished  service. 

Dr.  William  Reed,  a  surgeon,  whose  principal 
service  was  with  the  armies  of  the  North,  had  a 
hospital  at  Charlotte,  N.  C,  and  was  called  upon 
to  exercise  great  zeal  and  activity  in  carrying  des- 
patches to  General  Greene.  These  despatches  re- 
lated to  the  capture  of  Cornwallis  by  Washington. 
Dr.  Reed  rode  eighty  miles  in  ten  hours,  laid  down 
at  Camden  for  four  hours,  and  then  proceeded  on 
at  the  rate  of  nine  miles  an  hour,  on  the  same  horse 
and  reached  General  Greene  at  Gabriel  Guignard's 
house.  He  knew  the  importance  of  General 
Greene  knowing  the  fate  of  Cornwallis  before  the 
British,  under  Lord  Rawdon,  should  hear  it. 
Greene  immediately  moved  down  and  fought  the 
Battle  of  Eutaw,  before  the  British  retreat  could 
reach  Charlestown.  He  gave  the  British  a  severe 
dressing,  which  contributed  largely  to  the  final  suc- 
cess of  the  war. 

133 


MAJOR  POSTELL  CAPTURES  A  BRITISH  PARTY 

Major  John  Postell,  of  Marion's  men,  was 
stationed  to  guard  the  lower  part  of  the  Pee  Dee 
River.  While  there,  Capt.  James  de  Peyster,  of 
the  Royal  army,  with  twenty-nine  grenadiers,  took 
post  in  the  home  of  Major  Postell's  father^^. 
Learning  of  this,  Major  Postell  and  his  men  soon 
reached  the  house.  He  posted  his  small  command 
of  twenty-eight  men  in  positions  to  command  the 
doors,  and  then  advancing  to  the  house  demanded 
a  surrender.  This  being  refused,  he  set  fire  to  an 
outhouse,  and  then  proceeded  to  burn  the  main 
house.  Nothing  but  the  immediate  surrender  of 
the  whole  party  restrained^  him  from  sacrificing  his 
ancestral  home  to  gain  an  advantage  for  his  coun- 
try. 


RALPH  IZARD  EVADES  HIS  ENEMIES 

Ralph  Izard,  then  aide-de-camp  to  Col.  Lee  of 
the  Legion,  was  temporarily  at  his  home,  Fair 
Spring  Mansion  House*^^,  near  the  public  road,  a 
little  above  Bacon's  Bridge.  The  British  learned 
this,  and  sent  a  party  to  capture  him.  He  had  just 
time  to  conceal  himself  in  a  clothespress,  when  the 
enemy  reached  his  house.  Nothing  saved  him  but 
the  composure  and  urbanity  of  his  wife,  who  main- 
tained her  self  control,  notwithstanding  the  threat  of 


soOn  the   Pee  Dee,  near  the  mouth  of  Black  River, 
iisjs  on  the  Charleston-Orangeburg  Road,  about  one  mile 
northwest  of  Bacon's  Bridge. 

K'54 


personal  indignity  and  of  the  plunder  of  her  home. 
The  British  were  finally  withdrawn,  when  Capt. 
Izard  crossed  the  Ashley  River,  in  the  rear  of  his 
house,  and  gave  the  alarm  to  a  body  of  American 
troops  nearby.  The  British,  not  satisfied  with  their 
first  visit,  had  returned  and  made  another  search, 
and  were  retiring,  when  the  Americ'an  cavalry, 
whom  Capt.  Izard  had  warned,  dashed  on  them, 
completely  routing  them. 


SOCIAL  LIFE  DURING  THE  PROPRIETARY  ERA 

Social  life  in  the  Colony  of  Carolina  during  the 
era  of  the  Proprietary  Government  was  in  rather 
a  formative  condition,  which  might  well  have  been 
expected  in  a  new  country  which  had  not  been 
reclaimed  from  the  savages,  and  settled  by  the  white 
man,  for  c^uite  fifty  years.  Some  account  thereof, 
in  1700,  has  come  down  to  us  by  tradition,  as 
given  by  Landgrave  Smith.  In  his  courting  days, 
he  said,  young  girls  received  their  beaus  at  three 
o'clock,  having  dinner  at  twelve,  expecting  them  to 
withdraw  about  six  o'clock,  as  many  families  re- 
tired at  seven  in  the  winter  and  seldom  extended 
their  sitting  up  in  summer  beyond  eight  o'clock, 
their  fathers  having  learned  to  obey  the  curfew  toll 
in  England.  The  rooms  were  uncarpeted,  and  the 
walls  and  ceilings  rough  and  unpainted.  Rush  bot- 
tom chairs  were  used. 

Landgrave  Smith,  however,  was  of  the  party  in 
which  the  stiff  and  rigid  morals  of  the  Puritan 
were  cultivated,  and  we  are  told  that  they  were 

135 


made  the  object  of  ridicule  by  his  neighbors.  Law- 
son  describes  the  gentleman  having  country  seats, 
as  very  courteous,  Hving  very  nobly,  and  giving 
very  genteel  entertainments. 

The  Swiss  gentleman  who  wrote  to  his  friend 
at  Berne,  in  1719,  so  favorable  an  account  of  the 
Province,  says  that  no  people  were  more  hospitable, 
generous,  and  willing  to  do  good  offices  to  strangers ; 
that  everyone  was  ready  to  entertain  them  freely 
with  the  best  they  had.  Though  so  happily  situ- 
ated that  nobody  w^as  obliged  to  beg  for  food,  yet 
the  charity  of  the  inhabitants  was  remarkable  in 
making  provisions  for  the  poor. 

Mrs.  Poyas,  in  her  "Days  of  Yore,"  says,  "In 
these  primeval  times  of  Carolina,  a  cup  of  tea  was 
considered  a  rare  luxury,  confined  to  those  white 
days  when  a  friend  called  in  to  chat  away  a  social 
afternoon ;  trying  to  investigate  the  true  cause  of 
the  death  of  her  host's  tabby  cat,  or  to  resume  that 
theme  for  endless  regret,  that  'So  many  of  the 
new  comers  were  still  crowded  in  low  wooden 
sheds,  and  regaled  with  sour  buttermilk  and  a  viand 
which,  although  dignified  with  the  name  of  veni- 
son, they  did  strongly  suspect  was  nothing  better 
than  bear  or  wolf  flesh.'  Trials  considered  of  suf- 
ficient importance  by  those  kind-hearted  dames  to 
call  forth  a  shower  of  tears  and  a  breeze  of  sighs. 
Then  it  was  gravely  recommended  that  all  should 
be  pedestrians,  if  indeed  they  must  go  abroad  at  all, 
since  it  would  be  a  proof  of  great  activity  and 
good  management  in  any  equestrian  who  could  put 
his  horse  safely  through  the  wilderness  or  keep  him- 

136 


self  from  the  exalted  fate  of  Absalom.  That  busy 
and  thriving  race  had  loved  each  other.  When 
they  knew  of  the  sick  they  repaired  thither,  and  if 
a  three-stringed  fiddle  was  heard  at  a  neighbor's 
door,  all  were  in  attendance,  and  should  any  un- 
lucky wight  refuse  to  take  part  in  whatever  was 
proposed  for  the  innocent  amusement  of  the  whole, 
rendered  themselves  the  theme   for  endless  jest." 


MAJOR  JOHN  VANDER  HORST  HAS  A  NARROW  ESCAPE 

At  White  Hall  Plantation^^^  several  gentlemen 
were  dining.  Major  John  Vander  Horst  being  one, 
Hearing  the  enemy  was  approaching,  he  raised  the 
sash,  and  was  about  to  jump  out  of  the  window,  but 
the  tail  of  his  coat  was  caught  by  the  heavy  sash 
and  held  him  suspended  until  it  tore  off.  He  es- 
caped to  the  graveyard,  and  hid  near  the  spot 
where  one  of  the  Hall  family  was  buried,  the  stone 
being  still  visible  there,  though  not  legible.  A 
white  oak  tree  on  the  road,  leading  into  the  place, 
shows  where  three  Tories  were  hung  by  the  Whigs. 


THE  SOUTH  CAROLINA  SOCIETY,  FOUNDED  1737 

The  South  Carolina  Society  was  one  of  the 
earliest  benevolent  institutions  in  this  country.  It 
originated  in  the  year  1737,  with  a  few  French 
Protestants,  who  met  once  a  week,  at  a  tavern  at 


iioWhite  Hall  is  on  the  McClellanville  Road,  about  seven 
miles  from  Mt.  Pleasant,  is  the  home  of  Mr.  Philip 
L.  Porcher. 

137 


the  northeast  comer  of  Broad  and  Church  Streets; 
each  contributed  a  small  sum  (two  bits,  or  four- 
half-pence)  for  charitable  purposes,  and  the  So- 
ciety was  for  some  time  known  as  the  Two-Bit 
Club.  It  was  incorporated  in  1751,  under  the  name 
of  The  South  Carolina  Society,  and  increased  so 
rapidly  that,  in  1770,  it  had  three  hundred  and  sixty 
members,  and  a  capital  of  £7,500,  sterling. 

The  Society  continued  to  prosper,  and  much  good 
was  effected  by  giving  aid  to  the  needy  families  of 
deceased  members,  and  educating  their  children. 

The  HalP^'^  of  the  Society  is  situated  on  the  east 
side  of  Meeting  Street,  a  short  distance  south  of 
St.  Michael's  Church.  It  is  a  substantial  structure 
of  two  stories  and  a  high  basement.  The  second 
story  contains  a  fine  hall,  on  the  wall  of  which  are 
marble  tablets,  with  the  names  of  the  persons  who 
have  made  donations  or  bequests  to  the  Society. 
On  the  front  of  the  colonnade,  which  extends  over 
the  sidewalk,  the  seal  of  the  Society  is  represented, 
consisting  of  a  hand  holding  an  olive  branch,  with 
the  legend,  "Posteritati." 


THE  COLLEGE  OF  CHARLESTON 

The  College  of  Charleston  was  proposed,  and 
the  initiatory  steps  were  taken  for  its  foundation  as 
early  as  1770.  But  the  Revolutionary  War  de- 
layed the  fruition  of  the  idea,  and  the  College  was 
not  finally  established  until  1790.     Thus  early  did 


i20Hall   of   Society   No.   72   Meeting   Street,    just    below 
Broad  Street,  east  side. 

138 


South  Carolina  show  her  desire  to  give  her  sons 
the  advantages  of  higher  education.  The  work  of 
the  College  has  been  continued  to  this  day,  and  many 
of  the  most  distinguished  Charlestonians  point  with 
pride  to  their  diplomas  from  that  valued  institution. 
It  is  situated  on  and  embraces  the  square  bounded 
by  St.  Philip,  College,  Green,  and  George  Streets. 


THE  PINCKNEY  HOUSE  IN  CHARLESTOWN 


Colonial   Home   of   Charles   Cotesworth   I'inckuey,    Charlestown. 
Burued  in  the  Great  Fire  of  1861. 

The  home  of  Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney,  on 
East  Bay,  corner  of  Pinckney  Street,  Charles- 
town^^  \  was  a  grand  old  mansion,  perhaps  one  of 


i2iThis  house  stood  in  East  Bay,  at  the  corner  of  Pinck- 
ney Street. 

139 


the  finest  in  Carolina,  if  not  in  all  the  Colonies. 
Its  situation  was  charming.  The  waters  of  the 
Harbor  washed  East  Bay  Street  in  its  front,  and 
from  its  many  windows  loomed  a  magnificent  view 
of  the  entire  bay.  During  the  British  possession 
of  the  City,  it  was  "appropriated"  by  some  of  the 
higher  officers.  At  one  time  Colonel  Cruden,  the 
Agent  of  Sequestered  Estates,  occupied  it  as  his 
home  and  official  headquarters.  A  glowing  ac- 
count of  a  brilliant  ball  given  by  the  British  colonel 
comes  down  to  us.  This  was  attended  by  the 
British  officers  and  many  of  the  loyal  ladies,  and  by 
some  of  the  rebel  dames,  who  thought  it  policy  to 
mix  socially  with  them.  The  rebel  women  were 
outspoken  to  their  enemies,  and  it  seems  to  have 
been  permitted  with  leniency. 

The  Pinckney  mansion  stood  intact,  surrounded 
by  its  spacious  and  beautiful  gardens,  until  swept 
away  by  the  great  fire  of  1861. 


FIRST  SITE  OF  CHARLESTOWN 

The  first  permanent  settlers  in  Carolina  were 
English  emigrants  sent  out  by  the  Lords  Proprie- 
tors under  the  leadership  of  Col.  William  Sayle. 
They  arrived  in  the  year  1670  and  established  them- 
selves on  the  west  bank  of  the  Ashley  River,  about 
two  miles  above  the  present  bridge  from  the  City, 
and  there  laid  out  a  town  which  they  called 
Charles   Town^^^.     Of  this   nothing  now   remains 


122  Is  on  the  Ashley  River  Road,  about  two  miles  above 
the  bridge. 

140 


but  a  ditch  or  two,  said  to  mark  some  of  the  old 
sites,  and  the  name  "Old  Town  Creek,"  characteriz- 
ing the  creek  which  formed  one  of  the  boundaries. 
The  "Children  of  the  American  Revolution"  have 
placed  a  slab  to  mark  this  historic  spot.  The  set- 
tlement was,  within  ten  years  of  its  founding,  re- 
moved to  the  more  advantageous  site,  the  Charles- 
town,  known  so  well  in  history. 


HOW  POLITICS  WERE  RUN  IN  1768 

Some  of  the  politicians  of  the  present  day  would 
like,  doubtless,  to  know  how  elections  were  con- 
ducted in  the  olden  times.  The  wire-pullers  of  to- 
day have  not  greatly  improved  on  old  methods,  and 
in  essentials,  the  same  means  were  used  to  secure 
results  and  bring  out  "The  voice  of  the  people." 
The  following  account  is  taken  from  McCrady's 
History  of  South  Carolina  : 

"The  mechanics  in  Charlestown  had  not  for- 
gotten their  pledge  made  around  the  Liberty  Tree. 
Quite  a  number  gathered  there  on  Saturday,  the 
ist  of  October,  1768,  to  consult  upon  the  proper 
persons  to  represent  them  in  the  ensuing  Assembly. 
They  first  held  a  meeting  in  town,  which  was 
numerously  attended,  and  which  constituted  what 
would  now  be  called  a  canvass  or  nominating  con- 
vention. Several  gentlemen  were  put  up  for  the 
nomination  in  the  two  town  parishes.  A  vote  was 
taken  and  upon  a  count  a  great  majority  were  in 
favor  of  Christopher  Gadsden,  Thomas  Smith,  Sr., 
and  Hopkins  Price,   for  St.  Philip's    Parish,    and 

141 


Thomas  Smith  (designated  as  B-S — i.  e.  Broad 
Street),  and  Thomas  Savage  for  St.  Michael. 
Henry  Laurens  and  Charles  Pinckne^y,  whose  names 
had  been  suggested,  failed  to  get  the  nomination  of 
the  mechanics. 

"The  matter  being  settled  without  the  least  ani- 
mosity or  irregularity,  the  Gazette  goes  on  to  say, 
the  party  partook  of  a  plain  and  hearty  entertain- 
ment, provided,  it  seems,  by  some  of  the  candidates, 
( Rather  more  open  handed  and  manly  than  buying 
votes.)  About  five  o'clock  they  adjourned  to  the 
Liberty  Tree^^,  described  by  the  Gazette  as  a  noble 
oak  in  Mr.  Mazyck's  pasture,  which  they  had  for- 
mally dedicated  to  Liberty.  There  many  loyal, 
patriotic  and  constitutional  toasts  were  drunk"  (at 
the  candidates'  expense,  it  is  to  be  presumed)  "be- 
ginning with  'the  glorious  ninety-two  ante  re- 
scinders  of  Massachusetts  Bay'  and  ending  with 
'Unanimity  among  the  members  of  the  ensuing 
Assembly  not  to  rescind  from  the  said  resolution.' 
In  the  evening,  the  Liberty  Tree  was  decorated 
with  forty-five  lights,  and  forty-five  sky  rockets 
were  fired,  in  honor  of  Wilkes  and  the  North  Briton 
No.  45.  Then  the  whole  company,  preceded  by 
forty-five  of  their  number,  carrying  as  many  lights, 
marched  in  regular  procession  to  town,  down  King 
Street  to  Broad  Street,  to  Dillon's  Tavern,  where 
forty-five  lights  were  placed  on  the  table  and  forty- 
five  bowls  of  punch,  forty-five  bottles  of  wine,  and 
ninety-two  glasses.     Around  these  the  party  spent 


"Liberty  Tree  stood  on  lot  No.  22  Alexander  Street. 

142 


some  hours  more  in  a  new  round  of  toasts,  among 
which,  we  are  told,  that  scarce  a  celebrated  patriot 
of  Britain  or  America  was  omitted."  Oh!  the  big 
heads  the  next  morning! 


GOVERNOR  JOHNSON  INTRODUCES  RICE  CULTURE 

Governor  Sir  Nathaniel  Johnson,  early  in 
the  eighteenth  century,  for  he  died  in  1713,  owned 
"Silk  Hope"^^*,  on  the  Cooper  River.  Rice  being 
introduced  into  Carolina,  he  entered  into  many 
trials  of  different  kinds  of  the  grain  and  of  the  soil 
to  ascertain  w^hich  promised  the  best  results.  He, 
before  others,  built  mills  and  other  machinery  for 
preparing  the  grain  for  market.  It  is  said  that  it 
was  owing  altogether  to  his  example  and  experi- 
ments that  the  planters  were  induced  to  engage  in 
the  cultivation  of  rice  as  a  general  crop.  During 
the  Revolution,  Lord  Cornwallis  had  his  head- 
quarters at  Gov.  Johnson's  place,  for  many  months. 

He  was  buried  on  his  place,  and  his  grave  was 
surrounded  with  a  brick  wall  by  Mr.  Gabriel  Mani- 
gault,  and  it  still  remains  to  mark  the  resting  place 
of  the  illustrious  dead. 


i240n  the  eastern  branch  of  Cooper  River,  near  Quinby 
Creek. 


143 


THE  PARISH  CHURCH  OF  ST.  GEORGE'S, 
DORCHESTER 

The  most  conspicuous  ruin  remaining  on  the 
site  of  the  colonial  village  of  Dorchester  is  the 
shattered  old  tower  of  the  Parish  Church  of  St. 
George's,  Dorchester  (Church  of  England)^^. 
The  statute  providing  for  its  construction  was  en- 
acted in  1 719.  The  construction  was  immediately 
commenced,  and  by  1720  all  the  exterior  work 
was  completed.  The  building  was  of  brick,  fifty 
(50)  feet  long  by  thirty  (30)  feet  wide,  besides 
the  chancel.  It  is  said  to  have  received  serious  in- 
juries at  the  hands  of  the  British,  during  the  Revo- 
lutionary War.  It  was  partially  repaired  in  181 1, 
but  its  congregation  had  departed  and  church  serv- 
ices could  not  be  maintained.  Dalcho  says  that  in 
1820  it  was  in  a  ruinous  state,  without  a  rector, 
and  its  records  all  lost.  Some  years  later  it  took 
fire,  from  a  forest  fire,  and  it  was  partially  de- 
stroyed. The  earthquake  of  1886  completed  the 
destruction  of  the  church  building,  leaving  only 
the  ruined  tower.  The  communion  plate  passed 
into  the  possession  of  St.  Paul's  Church,  Summer- 
ville,  which  subsequently,  reserving  one  or  two 
pieces,  parted  with  it  to  St.  Michael's,  Charleston. 


S90n   site  of  old  town   of  Dorchester,   opposite   ruins  of 
old   fort,   on   the   Charleston-Orangeburg   road. 


144 


RUINS    OF    ST.    GEORGE'S    CHURCH,    DORCHESTER. 


THE  ANCIENT  MILL  DAM   (1699)  IN  SUMMERVILLE 

Near  the  extension  of  Fourth  South  Street, 
Summerville,  still  remains  parts  of  the  old  dam 
across  Saw  Mill  Branch,  where  there  stood  a  saw 
mill,  which  was  operated  in  1699^^^,  Daniel  Axtell 
of  Sudburry,  Mass.,  of  no  relationship  to  Lady 
Axtell,  the  widow  of  the  Landgrave  of  the  same 
name,  married  Thankful  Pratt,  daughter  of  William 
Pratt,  one  of  the  original  settlers  of  Dorchester. 
When  he  came  to  Carolina  is  not  known,  but  he 
was  there  in  1699,  carrying  on  a  saw  mill  and  tar 
and  turpentine  business.  He  kept  a  sort  of  day 
book  of  accounts,  which  was  in  1905  in  the  hands 
of  his  descendant,  Mr.  Joshua  Eddy  Crane,  of 
Bridgeport,  Mass.  Robert  Fenwick,  in  1700,  ob- 
tained a  grant  of  one  thousand  (1,000)  acres.  The 
old  mill  and  dam  is  either  on  a  part  of  the  original 
Dorchester  grant  or  the  grant  to  Fenwick.  As 
early  as  1729  the  land  where  the  old  mill  dam  ran 
across  the  swamp  was  known  as  "Saw  Mill  Land." 
It  was  not  the  "Mill  Land"  near  the  town  of  Dor- 
chester, and  so  described  on  the  plats.  In  1882, 
before  the  present  canal  down  the  swamp  was  ex- 
cavated, the  dam  was  practically  intact.  Some  of 
the  old  mill  timbers,  of  solid  cypress,  remained  on 
the  old  site.  The  oldest  inhabitant  could  remember 
no  one  who  had  seen  the  mill  run,  and  the  growth 
of  pines  on  the  pond  showed  that  no  water  could 
have  been  kept  there  for  a  century.     The  mill  site 


I23ln  Saw  Mill   Branch,  near  extension   of  Fourth   South 
Street,  in  the  town  of  Summerville. 

145 


has  no  historic  interest,  except  for  its  antiquity. 
In  our  country  of  yesterday  and  tomorrow,  any- 
thing over  two  hundred  years  old  is  a  wonderful 
relic. 


BIRTHPLACE    OF    THE    FIRST    CAROLINA   BABY,    AND 
OF  THE  RICE  CULTURE 

Tradd's  house  stood  on  the  northwest  corner 
of  Tradd  and  East  Bay  Streets^^'.  This  was  the 
birthplace  of  Robert  Tradd,  said  to  have  been  the 
first  child  born  in  the  town. 

Thomas  Pinckney,  being  a  merchant  as  well  as 
a  planter,  lived  in  a  house  which  stood  opposite  to 
the  Tradd  house,  at  the  southwest  corner  of  East 
Bay  and  Tradd  Streets^^^,  which  he  built  in  1692. 

Landgrave  Smith's  house  was  on  the  southwest 
corner  of  East  Bay  and  Longitude  Lane^^^,  only 
one  block  from  the  Tradd  house.  On  the  lot  in 
the  rear  of  this,  it  is  believed  that  the  first  rice 
raised  in  Carolina  was  planted  about  the  year  1693. 


MOULTRIE  AND  PINCKNEY  AT  SNEE'S  FARM 

When  Charlestown  was  captured  by  the  British 
in  May,  1780,  Generals  Moultrie,  Charles  Pinck- 
ney, and  some  other  officers  of  note,  were  plated 
on    the     Pinckney    Plantation,    known    as    Snee's 


i25East  Bay,  northwest  corner  of  Tradd  Street. 
i26East  Bay,  southwest  corner  of  Tradd  Street. 
127  East  Bay,  southwest  corner  Longitude  Lane. 

146 


Farm^^^,  having  their  promise  not  to  take  up  arms 
again,  which  promise  they  fulfilled,  though  General 
Marion  offered  to  assist  them  in  escaping.  They 
could  not,  in  honor,  consent. to  that  offer.  Charles 
Pinckney  was  the  owner  of  that  place,  and  is 
buried  there  in  the  grove  near  the  house,  but  not 
very  many  years  ago,  his  grand-daughter,  Mrs. 
Bellinger,  had  the  stone  which  had  been  erected 
at  Snee's  Farm  removed  to  Christ  Church^^^,  de- 
signing to  place  it  on  the  inner  wall  of  the  Church. 
The  inscription  not  being  suitable,  it  was  thought 
best  to  lay  it  upon  a  brick  foundation  outside  of 
the  Church,  which  was  satisfactorily  accomplished. 


WILLIAM    SAUNDERS,   THE   PIONEER   OF 
SUMTER  COUNTY 

About  the  year  1735  William  Saunders  came  to 
South  Carolina  and  engaged  in  trading  with  the 
Indians.  He  employed  a  train  of  pack  mules  and 
several  men  to  assist  him.  His  goods  were  brought 
from  Georgetown  to  the  large  Indian  town  situated 
very  near  the  present  site  of  Camden.  He  was  the 
first  man  to  blaze  out  a  road  through  Central 
Carolina.  This  William  Saunders  is  the  first  set- 
tler of  whom  can  be  found  any  record  in  what  is 
now  Sumter  County.  Having  a  family,  and 
the  Indians  being  very   friendly  to  him,  he  soon 


i28Snee's  Farm,  on  the  Georgetown  Road,  four  miles 
from  Mt.  Pleasant,  owned  in  1915  by  Thos.  P.  Hamlin. 

i29Christ  Church  is  on  McClellanville  Road,  about  six 
miles  from  Mt.  Pleasant. 

147 


obtained  land  grants,  and  made  his  home  in  the 
section  of  the  country  which  lay  between  the  High 
Hills  of  Santee  and  the  Indian  town. 

The  strong  box  in  which  his  goods  were  carried 
for  trading  is  still  in  possession  of  the  Saunders 
family. 


ST.  MARY'S,  THE  FIRST  ROMAN  CATHOLIC  CHURCH 
IN  CHARLESTOWN 

St.  Mary's  Church — Roman  Catholic — Hasell 
Street^^'',  was  the  first  Roman  Catholic  Church  in 
South  Carolina,  and  on  its  walls  and  its  cemetery 
may  be  seen  the  memorials  of  the  early  members 
of  that  faith  in  the  City.  The  site  has  been  in 
occupation  since  1789,  the  present  is  the  third  build- 
ing erected,  and  was  built  about  1840. 


THE  OLD  ENGLISH  CHURCH  IN  GEORGETOWN 

The  Parish  of  Prince  George,  Winyah,  was  set 
off  by  Act  of  the  Assembly  in  1721.  The  first  rec- 
ord of  any  vestry  thereof  was  their  election  in  1737. 
From  1736  until  1753,  sundry  Acts,  wills  and  sub- 
scriptions were  made  for  the  erection  of  the  Church 
building  in  Georgetown^^^  It  is  most  probable 
that  it  was  completed  about  1754.  During  the  Brit- 
ish occupancy  of  Georgetown  the  interior  of  the 
Church  was  burnt,  but   it  was  subsequently  com- 


isoNos.   77-81    Hasell   Street,  between    King  and    Meeting 

Streets',  pouth  side. 
131  Church  of  Prince  George  Winyah,  Georgetown. 

148 


pletely  repaired,  restored  and  enlarged.  It  is  very 
quaint,  and  the  interior  has  had  little  alteration 
since,  maintaining  the  old  square  pews. 


JEWISH  SYNAGOGUE,  CHARLESTOWN 

In  1750  there  were  enough  Jewish  families  in 
Charlestown  to  organize  a  Society  and  erect  a 
Synagogue  in  State  Street,  near  Queen.  Its  name, 
which  has  been  retained  to  the  present  time,  was 
Beth  Elohim,  and  the  first  Rabbi,  Rev.  Isaac  de 
Costa.  In  1757  they  removed,  and  again  in  1780 
to  a  lot  near  the  present  site  in  Hasell  Street^^^. 


THE  UNITARIAN  CHURCH  BUILDING,  CHARLESTOWN 

The  building  on  Archdale  Street  now  occupied  by 
the  Unitarians'"^,  was  built  just  before  the  Revo- 
lution by  Congregationalists  of  Circular  Church, 
their  membership  being  so  numerous  as  to  require 
two  buildings.  It  was  used  by  the  British  as  a 
stable  during  their  occupation  of  Charlestown, 
1780-82.  In  181 7  part  of  the  joint  congregation 
became  converted  to  Unitarianism,  and  the  property 
w^as  divided,  the  Presbyterians  taking  the  Circular 
Church,  and  the  Unitarians  taking  the  Archdale 
Street  Church.  It  was  remodeled  in  1854,  the  old 
foundations  and  walls  being  retained. 


I'^SHasell  Street,  north  side,  between  King  and  Meeting 
Streets. 

i33Nos.  6  and  8  Archdale  Street,  east  side,  between  Clif- 
ford and  Queen  Streets. 

149 


CAROLINA  OWES  HER  FREEDOM  TO  THE  PARTISANS 

McCrady,  in  his  History  of  South  Carolina  has 
not,  as  is  too  often  the  case,  manufactured  history, 
but  after  most  exhaustive  research  and  deliberate 
weighing  of  authorities,  often  conflicting,  has  cor- 
rectly chronicled  the  true  history  of  the  State.  Not 
only  this,  but  he  often  collates  the  facts,  so  as  to 
impress  their  lessons.  Among  the  many  are  the 
facts  showing  the  great  value  of  the  Partisan  troops 
during  the  Revolutionary  War  and  their  surpassing 
achievements,  as  compared  with  those  of  the  Regu- 
lars or  Continental  troops.  Up  to  the  end  of  1780 
the  loss  in  killed  and  wounded  of  the  American 
and  British  forces  is  almost  the  same,  the  former 
losing  1,967,  and  the  latter  1,816.  This  is  ex- 
clusive of  prisoners.  The  greater  losses  of  the 
Americans  were  in  the  siege  of  Charlestown,  the 
massacre  of  Buford's  force  at  the  Waxhaws,  the 
Battle  of  Camden,  and  the  surprise  at  Fishing 
Creek.  The  first  three  battles,  Continental  officers 
were  in  command — the  regularly  organized  Con- 
tinental armies  under  Generals  Lincoln  and  Gates 
lost  in  killed,  wounded  and  prisoners,  8,377,  while 
the  total  British  loss  was  only  647.  Whereas,  the 
Partisan  bands  under  their  own  chosen  leaders  had, 
from  July  12th  to  Dec.  11,  1780,  five  months, 
fought  twenty-six  battles  with  a  British  loss  of 
1,200  killed  and  wounded,  and  1,286  prisoners,  a 
total  of  2,486,  while  the  Partisan  loss  was  only  497 
killed  and  wounded,  and  320  prisoners,  total  817. 

The  skilled  and  educated  Continental  officers, 
commanding    comparatively    well    organized    and 

150 


equipped  troops,  in  their  battles  lost  thirteen  times 
as  many  men  as  the  British.  The  Partisans,  badly 
armed,  without  pay,  and  with  no  military  exper- 
ience, inflicted  a  loss  on  their  enemy  three  times 
as  great  as  they  themselves  sustained.  The  Con- 
tinentals in  five  years  captured  31  prisoners,  the 
Partisans  in  five  months  1,286.  The  Continentals 
in  five  years  killed  and  wounded  of  the  British  616, 
the  Partisans  in  five  months  killed  and  wounded 
1,200  of  the  British. 

The  Partisans  were  a  far  more  eflfective  organi- 
zation for  successful  results  than  the  Continental 
armies.  It  is  not  surprising — the  Partisan  bands 
were  composed  of  the  most  ardent  and  active  of 
the  people,  fired  with  devoted  patriotism  and  ready 
to  make  every  sacrifice  and  bear  every  hardship  in 
defence  of  their  homes  and  loved  ones,  and  they 
knew  the  country  in  which  they  operated. 

The  Continentals  were  paid  soldiers,  largely 
fighting  for  their  pay,  and  not  animated  to  the  same 
extent  by  the  patriotic  fervor  of  the  Partisans.  To 
the  Partisans  is  largely  due  the  redemption  of  Caro- 
lina from  British  rule. 


CAPTAIN  JOHN  SMITH  AND  THE  BRITISH  LIEUTENANT 

Capt.  John  Smith  of  the  Third  Maryland  Regi- 
ment was  captured  at  the  Battle  of  Hobkirk.  In 
surrendering  he  tendered  his  sword  to  a  British 
Lieutenant,  who  contemptuously  struck  him  with  its 
broadside.  To  their  honor  be  it  said  the  other 
British   officers   of   the   garrison   did   not   approve 

151 


such  conduct,  as  they  recognized  Smith's  courage, 
so  they  arranged  a  Httle  dinner,  to  which  both  he 
and  the  Lieutenant  were  invited.  It  was  agreed 
that  Capt.  Smith  might  treat  as  he  chose  the  man 
who  had  insulted  him,  so  he  promptly  proceeded  to 
kick  the  fellow  downstairs  as  soon  as  he  showed  his 
face  in  the  room.  The  Lieutenant  did  not  resent 
this  indignity,  and  was  soon  after  cashiered. 

Smith  settled  in  this  State  after  the  war,  and 
was  long  and  most  favorably  known  as  Capt.  John 
Smith  of  Darlington. 


THE  CHIVALROUS  TORY  CAPTAIN,  JOHN  ADAMSON 

John  Adamson  of  Camden,  whose  ashes  lie  in 
the  Quaker  section  of  the  cemetery,  was  a  gallant 
and  chivalrous  Tory  officer. 

His  rescue  of  Mrs.  Martha  Bratton  showed  his 
nobility.  A  small  British  squad  reached  her  home 
and  stated  they  wanted  to  see  her  husband.  She 
replied  that  she  did  not  know  where  he  was,  when 
a  red-haired  ruffian  swore  that  he  would  make  her 
know,  and  seizing  a  sickle  that  was  hanging  on 
the  piazza,  placed  it  in  position  around  her  neck, 
and  drawing  his  sword  swore  that  if  she  did  not 
immediately  tell  where  her  husband  was,  he  would 
cut  her  head  off  and  split  it.  Mrs.  Bratton  did  not 
move,  but  spoke  in  deliberate  and  measured  tones, 
"I  told  the  simple  truth  and  could  not  tell  if  I 
would;  but  I  now  add,  that  I  would  not  if  I  could." 
The  villain's  face  grew  pale  and  horrid,  and  just 

152 


as  his  blow  was  to  fall,  the  sword  and  sickle  fell  to 
the  floor  and  the  wretch  crouched  a  pitiable  beggar 
for  his  life.  Capt.  John  Adamson  was  the  rescuer, 
and  expressed  regret  to  Mrs.  Bratton  and  offered 
her  full  protection. 

The  Americans  attacked  the  Tory  force  during 
the  night,  and  about  daylight  Mrs.  Bratton  was 
summoned  out  of  the  house  by  her  husband,  who 
with  old  Capt.  Chambers  was  standing  with  drawn 
swords  over  a  prostrate  Red  Coat.  She,  with 
some  difficulty,  recognized  Adamson,  who  had  been 
accused  of  offering  the  indignity  to  Mrs.  Bratton. 
When  she  gave  the  true  statement  of  his  part  in 
the  attack  on  her,  all  their  savage  fierceness  changed 
to  tender  care.  Mrs.  Bratton  nursed  him  most 
skillfully  and  lovingly  and  did  all  she  could  for 
him,  comforting  him  in  the  agonies  of  his  frightful 
wound. 


RUNNYMEDE  ON  THE  ASHLEY 

One  of  the  most  beautiful  old  places  on  the 
Ashley  River  is  Runnymede,  which  adjoins  and 
is  just  above   Magnolia   Gardens. 

It  was  settled  before  the  Revolution,  but  no  inci- 
dents of  historic  or  romantic  interest  are,  during 
this  period,  connected  therewith.  Soon  after  the 
Revolution,  it  was  the  home  of  Hon.  John  Julius 
Pringle,  who  was  Speaker  of  the  House  of  Assem- 
bly in  1787,  and  Attorney  General  of  the  State  for 
many  years  from  1792. 

The  present  house,  now  the  property  of  Mrs. 

153 


C.  C.  Pinckney,  is  modern,  but  the  grounds  are 
old  and  grand  in  their  attractiveness.  The  house 
contains  several  objects  of  historic  value,  among 
which  are  some  furniture,  portraits,  etc.,  from  the 
old  Pinckney  House  in  Charleston. 

A  portion  of  an  ancient  Indian  mound  lies  on 
the  place,  and  from  the  neighboring  fields  pots, 
beads,  and  other  relics  of  a  vanquished  race  have 
been  recovered  and  are  in  the  present  house. 

In  this  book  we  have  not  proposed  going  back 
beyond  the  period  of  the  first   English  settlement 


On  Runnymede  Grounds. 


of  Carolina,  but  Capt.  C.  C.  Pinckney  went  far 
beyond  that,  gathering  many  mementoes  of  a  pre- 
historic era,  among  which  are  many  varieties  of 
elephant  and  mastadon  teeth,  huge  teeih  of  sharks 
and  bones  of  extinct  si^ecies  of  fish  and  animals. 

154 


found  among  the  phosphate  deposits  of  lower  Caro- 
Hna. 

Visitors  will  doubtless  find  welcome  in  the  hos- 
pitable home  and  its  prized  trophies  of  the  past  can 
be  viewed  with  the  deep  interest  they  must  inspire 
in  all  cultivated  minds. 


WILLUM  WRAGG'S  NOBLE  DEVOTION  TO  HIS 
PRINCIPLES 

A  MOST  notable  example  of  devotion  to  prin- 
ciple was  the  stand  taken  by  Mr.  William  Wragg 
of  Charlestown,  a  man  of  lofty  character,  highly 
respected,  and  of  abundant  fortune.  When  asked 
to  join  with  the  rebels  or  patriots,  he  declined 
and  said  he  did  so  because  "of  his  gratitude  for 
the  honorable  notice  his  Majesty  had  been  pleased 
to  take  of  him  in  appointing  him,  by  his  royal 
mandamus,  Chief  Justice  of  the  Province,  which, 
although  he  had  declined,  he  did  not  consider  him- 
self the  less  under  obligations  for.  And  in  addi- 
tion thereto  he  had  a  right  to  exercise  his  own 
judgment  in  the  premises,  although  in  doing  so 
his  sentiments  might  differ  from  the  general 
voice." 

He  was  required  to  take  an  oath  that  he  would 
not,  during  the  unhappy  dispute  between  America 
and  Great  Britain,  oppose  the  proceedings  of  the 
people.  Mr.  Wragg  refused  to  take  the  oath,  and 
the  General  Committee  declared  him  inimical  to 
the  liberties  of  the  Colonies,  and  ordered  his  con- 

155 


finement  at  his  barony  on  the  Ashley  River"^. 
He  was  afterwards  compelled  to  leave  the  Prov- 
ince and  embarked  on  a  vessel  bound  to  Amster- 
dam. When  near  that  port  the  ship  was  driven 
on  the  shore,  and  in  endeavoring  to  save  the  life 
of  an  infant  son,  he  lost  his  own.  A  tablet  in 
Westminster  Abbey  commemorates  the  loyalty  and 
heroism  of  this  good  man,  who  gave  up  family, 
country  and  fortune  rather  than  swerve  from  his 
convictions  of  duty,  though  these  convictions  were 
opposed  to  the  sentiments  of  his  nearest  and 
dearest  friends  and  kindred.  Let  South  Carolina 
never  forget  William  Wragg,  who  dared  to  differ 
with  his  people  and  to  sacrifice  everything  for  the 
truest  of  all  liberty,  the  liberty  of  his  own  con- 
science. 


CAPTAIN  RUMPH  AND  BILLY  STURKEE 

Capt.  Jacob  Rumph  commanded  during  the 
Revolution  a  company  of  militia  in  Orangeburg 
County.  His  command  was  of  more  or  less  an 
irregular  character,  lived  dn  their  farms,  and  as- 
sembled for  duty  when  called  on.  On  one  occasion 
he  was  complained  to  by  some  women  who  had 
been  on  a  trading  expedition  to  Charlestown,  that 
a  party  of  Tory  marauders  had  stopped  their 
wago^ns  below  Orangeburg  and  robbed  them. 
Rumph  collected  some  of  his  partisans  and  went 
in  pursuit  and  captured  the  entire  party.     He  took 


148The  Wragg  Barony  was  on  the  Ashley  River  Road,  about 
two  miles  below  Bacon's  Bridge. 

156 


them  to  his  "bull  pen"^^^.  The  robbed  women 
identified  them,  and  he  justly  proceeded  to  hang 
them  on  a  big  oak.  Among  them  was  a  red- 
headed man,  named  Billy  Sturkie.  When  he  was 
about  to  be  jerked  up,  one  of  the  women  cried  out, 
"Stop!  that  red-headed  man  did  not  take  anything, 
but  tried  to  keep  the  others  from  stealing."  Her 
statement  was  confirmed,  and  Sturkie  turned  loose, 
but  so  frightened  that  he  feebly  exclaimed,  "You 
might  as  well  a'  hung  me." 


PIRATES'   BONES   UNDER   BATTERY   PROMENADE, 
CHARLESTOWN 

The  good  folks,  old  aAid  young,  who  daily 
promenade  the  beautiful  Battery  garden^*'^  in 
Charleston,  little  think,  as  they  walk  or  play,  that 
they  are  trampling  over  the  resting  place  of  fifty 
dead  pirates,  including  the  infamous  Stede  Bon- 
nett.  The  pirates  were  captured  in  1718,  and 
after  a  fair  trial,  were  condemned  and  then  hanged 
and  buried  on  White  Point.  The  said  bank  has 
since  been  filled  up,  and  on  it  stands  the  modern 
Battery  Garden.  The  pirates  who  then  infested 
the  coasts  of  Carolina  were  routed  out,  and  the 
leading  gangs  were  captured  by  an  expedition 
under    Governor  Johnson   and    Colonel    Rhett. 


146Three  miles  from  Orangeburg. 

i47Battery  at  the  extreme  southern  point  of  Charleston. 

157 


POMPION  HILL  CHAPEL 

PoMPiON  Hill  Chapel,  on  a  high  bluff  on  the 
eastern  branch  of  the  Cooper  River,  was  the  first 
Episcopal  Church  erected  in  the  Province,  outside 
of  Charlestown.  It  was  the  Parish  Church  of  St. 
Thomas  Parish.  The  first  building  was  erected 
in  1703,  of  cypress.  In  1763  this  was  supplanted 
by  a  brick  building.  On  approaching  from  the 
river  side  were  seen  (1842)  four  lofty  pines, 
peering  above  all  the  other  trees,  lifting  their  ma- 
jestic heads  in  mid  air,  like  giant  sentinels,  keep- 
ing watch  and  ward  over  the  Church  that  lay  at 
their  feet.  On  the  right  of  the  Chapel  is  a  deep 
and  shady  grove,  spreading  its  sacred  shelter 
over  the  graves  of  those  who  have  gone  before 
to  make  their  quiet  beds  beneath  the  shadow  of 
the  spreading  trees. 


MAGAZINE  EXPLOSION 

After  the  British  took  possession  of  Charles- 
town  the  arms  taken  from  the  army  and  inhabit- 
ants, some  5,000  in  number,  were  lodged  in  a 
laboratory  on  Magazine  Street.  Nearby  wa.s  a 
large  quantity  of  cartridges  and  loose  powder. 
By  the  imprudence  of  the  guard,  in  snapping  the 
guns  and  pistols,  this  powder  took  fire,  blew  up 
the  house,  dispersed  the  burning  fragments  which 
set  fire  to  and  destroyed  the  workhouse,  the  gaol 
and    the    old   barracks.     The    British   guard    were 

158 


entirely  destroyed,  and  their  mangled  bodies  dashed 
by  the  viole^it  explosion  against  the  neighboring 
houses  in  Archdale  Street.  Upwards  of  lOO  per- 
sons  lost   their   lives   on   this   occasion. 


THE  WILLIAM  PITT  STATUE 

When  in  1766  the  debate  was  on,  in  the  British 
Parliament,  to  repeal  the  Stamp  Act,  which  had 
been  bitterly  opposed  by  the  American  Colonies, 
William  Pitt,  Earl  of  Chatham,  rose  from  his  sick 
bed  and  in  speeches  of  extraordinary  eloquence, 
which  produced  an  amazing  effect  on  both  sides 
of  the  Atlantic,  justified  the  resistance  of  the  Col- 
onies. 

The  news  of  the  repeal  of  the  Stamp  Act  was 
received  in  Charlestown,  May  6,  1766,  with  every 
demonstration  of  joy.  The  Provincial  House  of 
Commons  of  May  13th  voted  to  have  a  statue  made 
in  England  of  the  Right  Honorable  William  Pitt 
as  a  memorial  of  the  respect  for  his  upright  and 
disinterested  conduct  upon  all  occasions,  and  par- 
ticularly his  assistance  in  procuring  a  repeal  of  the 
Stamp  Act. 

May  31,  1770,  the  statue  arrived.  It  was  landed 
amongst  a  vast  concourse  of  inhabitants,  who  re- 
ceived it  with  cheers,  and,  preceded  by  music,  drew 
it  by  hand  to  the  place  where  it  was  to  rest  until  its 
pedestal  could  be  erected.  July  5th  it  was  raised 
and  placed  upon  the  pedestal  at  the  intersection  of 

159 


Broad  and  Meeting  Streets.  It  stood  there  during 
the  siege  of  Charlestown  in  1780,  when  a  shot  from 
a  British  battery  carried  away  the  right  arm,  which 
was  extended.  After  the  war  it  was  found  to  in- 
terfere with  travel  through  the  two  important 
thoroughfares,  at  whose  intersection  it  stood,  and 
it  was  taken  down  and  carried  to  the  Orphan 
House  yard,  where  it  was  subsequently  erected. 
Finally  it  was  moved  to  Washington  Park^'',  where 
it  now  stands.  The  tablet  on  the  pedestal  gives 
its  entire  history. 


soWashington  Park,  enclosing  City  Hall,  at  the  northeast 
corner  of   Meeting  and   Broad   Streets,   Charleston. 


!60 


STATUE    UF    WIJ.UAM    I'lTT. 
First   erected   17C6. 


FROM  THE  HALLOWED  PAST  TO  THE  PRACTICAL 
PRESENT 

The  purpose  of  the  "Romance  of  Lower  Caro- 
lina" is  two-fold. 

First,  to  gather  in  comprehensive  form,  many  in- 
cidents illustrating  the  early  Colonial  and  Revolu- 
tionary days  of  the  section,  for  the  information  and 
inspiration  of  the  present  generation. 

Second,  to  point  out  the  very  spots  where  such 
history  was  made,  that  the  reader  may  easily  reach 
them,  and  standing  on  them  imbibe  the  spirit  of 
the  great  deeds  thereon  enacted.  By  the  foot  notes 
appended  to  the  various  articles  this  can  be  readily 
attained. 

For  the  people  of  Lower  Carolina  this  is  enough. 
It  is  hoped  that  by  recalling  the  grand  history  their 
illustrious  forefathers  have  made,  they  will  be  awak- 
ened to  and  appreciate  the  fact  that  few,  if  any, 
parts  of  our  country  is  richer  in  thrilling  patriotic 
deeds  than  Lower  Carolina. 

But  many  strangers  visit  this  section,  particularly 
during  the  winter,  so  for  the  benefit  of  these,  there 
is  hereto  added  a  brief  summary  of  the  routes  to 
the  central  points  of  these  historic  localities,  and 
when  reached,  how  the  tourist  can  be  comfortably 
cared  for.  To  show  them  how  luxury  will  be 
gained,  while  pursuing  that  historic  research,  so 
much  valued  by  the  educated  and  refined. 


161 


THE  SOUTHERN  RAILWAY  operates  in 
"Lower  Carolina"  the  first  long  railroad  built  in  the 
world,  i.  e.,  the  line  from  Charleston  to  Augusta. 
As  the  Southern  Railway  System  includes  the  road 
which  was  first  in  construction,  it  has  ever  main- 
tained the  lead,  by  giving  to  the  traveling  public 
comfort  and  safety,  and  to  the  hauling  of  freight 
the  utmost  dispatch.  The  millions  of  people  who 
have  received  its  benefits  bear  testimony  to  this. 
How  times  change  !  The  Southern  now  handles  its 
passengers  and  freight  in  as  many  hours  as  were 
consumed  in  the  olden  time,  days,  in  traversing  the 
same  distance. 

The  lines  of  the  Southern  spread  all  over  the 
South  from  Washington  to  the  Mississippi  River. 
Wherever  it  goes  it  gives  the  very  best  of  service 
and  enjoys  the  confidence  of  the  people. 

The   SEABOARD   AIR   LINE  RAILWAY, 

the  Progressive  Railway  of  the  South,  is  the  short- 
est line  from  the  North  to  Florida,  and  a  direct  one 
to  Atlanta  and  Birmingham.  It  traverses  Virginia, 
North  and  South  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida  and 
Alabama,  reaching  all  the  prominent  cities  and  con- 
necting the  capitals  of  these  States.  Its  biggest 
recent  development  is  its  entry  into  Charleston  and 
the  constructing  of  a  line  thence  to  Savannah, 
which  will  be  the  shortest  line  between  these  cities. 
Its  through  trains  are  safe,  being  all  steel  and 
luxurious  with  their  free  reclining  chairs,  Pullmans 
and  Dining  Cars.  This  Progressive  Railway  of 
the  South  is  owned  in  the  South  and  is  operated 
by  progressive  Southern  men. 


THE  CHARLESTON  CONSOLIDATED 
RAILWAY  reaches  all  over  the  City,  and  should 
be  used  by  all  Tourists  to  visit  the  historic  spots 
in  the  City.  On  the  King  Street  Line  are  the 
Pringle  House,  Library,  Horn  work  on  Marion 
Square,  and  within  a  block  the  Unitarian,  St.  John's 
Lutheran  and  St.  Mary's  Churches  and  the  Jewish 
Synagogue,  and  it  runs  up  to  Hampton  Park.  On 
the  Broad  Street  and  Belt  Lines  are  the  Old  Ex- 
change, Wm.  Pitt  Statue,  St.  .Michael's  Church 
(and  within  a  block  St.  Philip's  and  Huguenot 
Churches),  Half  Moon  Battery,  and  Ferry  to  Fort 
Moultrie.  On  the  Broad  Street  Line,  also.  Bethel 
Church,  Old  Bethel,  and  the  Orphan  House.  On 
the  Belt  Line  also  sites  of  the  Liberty  Tree  and  of 
old  Pinckney  Mansion,  Circular  Church,  and  within 
a  block  the  Rhett  House,  Tradd  House,  and  site  of 
first  rice  field.  The  Meeting  Street  Line  carries 
one  to  the  Battery,  Scotch  Church,  South  Carolina 
Society's  Hall,  St.  Michael's,  Horn  Work,  and  up 
to  Magnolia  and  the  Country  Club.  The  equip- 
ment and  service  is  unsurpassed,  and  is  a  credit  to 
its  owners  and  the  City  it  so  ably  serves. 

"THE  CAROLINA"  IN  THE  PINELAND 

of  Summerville,  S.  C,  is  embowered  in  a  grove 
of  health-giving  Pines  and  picturesque  Live  Oaks. 
It  is  modem,  thoroughly  heated,  has  many  private 
baths,  and  is  thoroughly  homelike  and  attractive. 
On  its  grounds  is  a  three-hole  golf  link  and  a  tennis 
court.  That  many  of  its  guests  return  year  after 
year  is  the  best  evidence  of  the  hospitable  treat- 
ment received. 


THE  LIBRARY 
UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 

Santa  Barbara 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW. 


Series  9482 


3  1205  02528  8729 


